Investigation Of Schistosomiasis In The Mekong River Basin And Its Intermediate Host Genome Sequencing

Objective:As one of the parasitic disease of the digestive system,schistosomiasis is an noticeablecauses of digestive system diseases.Our study through investigating the infection status andanalyzing the distribution of schistosomiasis and its reservoir hosts and intermediate host in theMekong River Basin, in order to develop a series of effective measures to deal with theprevention and treatment of schistosomiasis in this region.Methods:17information collection point were set up in three villages of Cambodia Yoshiifrom2011to2012. Investigating the distribution of intermediate hosts (shellfish, oncomelania)and the possession ratio of reservoir hosts (dogs, pigs). Shellfish and oncomelaniasamples taken from17locations were collected for genomic sequencing.Determined part of thegene sequence in mitochondrial of samples and compared with the total. genome sequenced todraw out the genome maps of Neotricula aperta in the area.Results:1. In2011, intermediate host and oncomelania were not find in the designated area. In2012, adjusted fixed area according to the flow direction, all the three villages found theexistence of shellfish and oncomelanial.2.In all the villages surveyed, reservoir hosts dogs infection of schistosoma accounted for76.2%. Pig infection of schistosomaaccounted for51.2%. In the infected reservoir hosts, thedogs has been taken a bath in the Mekong accounted for95.2%and the pigs accounted for85.6%.3.After the sequencing of56samples and oncomelanial genome,we found a new subtypeof the Neotricula aperta which is different from α, β, γ-type that we had already known.Conclusion:1. The distribution of intermediate hosts (shellfish, oncomelania) in local region has liquidity,and the liquidity is changed according to the variation of the Mekong river flow and rainfall.2..Schistosoma infection ratio of reservoir hosts (dogs, pigs) was positive associatedwith the extent of exposure to water in the Mekong region.3. There were fundamental differences between new subtype and known three subtypes ingenome sequencing.Whether the new subtypes has infective deserved further study.Fiftymitochondrial cytochrome coxidase subunit1(cox1) sequences were examined usinghaplotype network and neighbore observed and were divided into two differentgroups/lineages. Of27,17haplotypes (H11H27) were clustered with the reference samplesof the γ race N. aperta. The remaining10haplotypes (H1H10) were clustered in a separategroup/lineage, differing from the reference samples of the α, β, and γ race N. aperta,suggesting a new lineage belonging the genus Neotricula. Our results show that both the γ raceand a new lineage were sympatrically present approximately60km upstream of the Mekong River near the Kratie port, Cambodia. Further morphological and molecular studies arerequired to confirm the taxonomic status of this new, unidentified lineage.