| Qingke is belonged to species of H.vulgare L. in the genus of Hordeum Gramineae. Because of hullless Qingke is called naked barley, rice barley, etc. People in Diqing Tibetan Prefecture, Yunnan province, have planted hull-less barley since 1500 years ago. Due to the characteristics of resistance to cold and drought and grains with high functional components, Qingke has become the only major food crop of being absolutely necessary to Tibetan people. In order to solve the problems of cultivar short, yield low, cultivation management extensive and to increase yield and quality and further promote the development of Qingke industry, the study was carried out on cultivar breeding, cultivation techniques of Qingke, production examination and analysis of functional components for grains, based on the climate,agricultural production patterns, disease and pest control and cultural particularities in Diqing Tibetan Prefecture. The results are as following:1.From the comparison experiment of 12 cultivars in three years (2006-2008) from Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, a good Qingke variety "Diqing 1" was screened out. The variety has high and steady yield, strongly disease and pest as well as stress resistance, could be used for food, feed and processing use. When natural disasters of rare high-temperature and havy armyworm damage occurred in 2008, Diqing 1 had still produced a yield of 3600kg/hm2, compared to the other cultivar's yield of 150 to 2445 kg/hm2.2.By the research on sowing date, sowing method and sowing depth, a high yeild and efficient cultivation parten of Qingke was developed, which is suitable for utilization in Diqing district. For sowing the best time is in late March to April 5,the best way is artificial drilling, and an advocate drilling with cattle. For sowing quantity and depth, the optimum seed quantity is 112.5-150 kg/ hm2.with 84.33×104～104.31×104 basic seedlings/hm2, the best depth of sowing is 6-9cm. The most appropriate cultivars include Diqing 1,Diqing 2, Diqing 3,Diqing 4, Changheiqingke, Duanbaiqingke, Heiliuleng and 99-1.For the best application quantity of fertilizers, nitrogen (N) is 30 kg/hm2, phosphorus (P2O5) is 30 kg/hm2, potassium (K2O) is 30 kg/hm2.According to the results above, the first agricultural practice standard in Diqing prefecture, named The Pollution Free Technical Regulations for Hullless Barley Production (DG5334/T001-2010), was made and practiced in Qingke production. By using this regulation, Qingke yields increased 15-25%, and a significant economic benefit was obtained.3.Experiment of biology diversity cultivation showed that planting density had the most significant effect over other treatments.the 150kg/hm2 is the best for Diqng 2 with the highest yield of 3301.65kg/hm2.There was no clear difference in yield among the treatments of the mixed plant of Qingke with wheat, as well as different Qingke cultivars.4.The function components includingγ-amino butyric acid (GABA), resistant starch, flavone, alkaloid content in qingke grains were examined amng cultivated qingke cultivars in Diqing Tibetan Prefecture. There is higher and larger difference in the four functional components among 9 genotypes, with a range of 25.27 mg/100g to 45.44 mg/100g for GABA,2.01% to 17.50% for resistant starch, 379.27 mg/100g to 582.65 mg/100g for flavone,16.37 mg/100g to 25.78 mg/100g for alkaloid content respectively. High function component Qingke cultivars such as 99-1 with 45.44 mg/100g of GABA, Beiqing 1 with 17.5% of resistant starch, Kunlun 12 with 582.65 mg/100g of flavone and Gan 94-19-1 with 25.78 mg/100g of alkaloid were screened out. They could be used not only in process of health-function products as suitable cultivars, but also in the breeding for the special Qingke varieties of high function components as cross parents, as well as in the reseach on the genetics of Qingke function components as basic material.
|
PDF Full Text Request