Study On Digging And Quantitative Fertilizing Machine For Fruit Trees

Fertilization is the key link in the production operation of Fruit trees, and the quality directly affected the absorption of nutrients. The reasonable application can make fruit trees to get good growth conditions, which influences the yield of fruit trees. The fertilizer technology of fruit trees in China is just on the start stage, labor intensity and low efficiency. Designing fertilization machinery can control the fertilizer and instead of human will be the only way in fruit production.A kind of quantitative fertilization machinery is designed. Using Soildworks completes modeling, virtual assembly of the machine and finite element analysis of key parts. The circuits and program of control system are simulated by Proteus and verifying its feasibility. Quantitative fertilization machinery mainly consists of digging and backfilling soil device, fertilization device, control system etc. Drill is powered by gasoline engine to dig pits and the drill can realize infinitely variable speeds by controlling accelerator. The transmission system drives digging institution rising or falling through the steering wheel, transmission shaft, wheel chain institutions, and pinion and rack institution forcing on the lifting mechanism. To ensure the operation smooth, it is equipped with guide mechanism. Soil collector collects the thrown soil and backfill the soil to realize the purpose of casing soil.Fertilization device uses external tank wheeled fertilizer apparatus. The corner is controlled by stepping motor. Stepping motor is driven by stepping motor driver and the angle of each step is 1.8 degree. Its high precision control can fully guarantee the accuracy of quantitative fertilization. Determining the optimum speed and the quantity of fertilizer through the experiment, and it can provide the basis for the stability and accuracy of fertilizer. Choosing urea, diammonium phosphate and compound fertilizer analyze the quantity of fertilizer. Judging the height of drill and controlling the fertilization moments by proximity switch.MCU obtains the type of fertilizer, the quantity of fertilizer and the fertilization moments and sends a certain number and frequency of pulse, so as to control stepping motor turning a certain angle with a certain speed. Then drive quantitative fertilizer in order to realize the expected purpose.The result shows that the diameter of pits is 50~200 millimeters, the adjustable depth within 300 millimeters, the adjustable quantity is between 100~1000 grams and the error of quantitative of fertilization within 3% can very good meet the need of quantitative fertilization for fruit trees.Quantitative fertilization machinery is mainly applied to complete quantitative fertilization. It can complete digging, fertilization, backfill soil,and keep soil moisture. improve utilization ratio of fertilizer effectively. Quantitative machinery also can be used in other gardens and fertilizing on field crops. It is a type of multi-used machinery. It is worth promoting because of the good social benefit and the economic benefit.