Effect Of Hormones And Light Qualities On Tissue Culture Of Garlic

This study discussed the factors that affected callus induction, multiplication and organ differentiation of garlic and the high effieient regeneration system was established. Under this foundation using red light, blue light, red+blue light (red: blue=3:1) generated by light-emitting diode (LED) , ordinary fluorescent light (white light) as control, determine the induction rate,bud differentiation rate and the effective component content of garlic callus. Main aehievements were described as follows:1. The factors that affected callus induction were showed as follows: (1) explant type: The leaves,supplies stem, stem and roots of garlic were used as explants to induce callus, the highest rate of induction is supplies stem,which reaches 58.33%. (2) garlic breed: We used Cangshan garlic, Sulian garlic, ershuizao garlic and Jinxiang garlic in this experiment, and the results showed that Cangshan garlic had the highest rate of callus induction, which was 76.89% and obviously higher than the other breeds(ershuizao garlic,55.11%;sulian garlic,50.00%;jinxiang garlic,46.22%). (3) type of medium: We used three types of medium ,such as MS medium, 1/2MS medium and B5 medium, through this three kinds of medium MS medium had highest rate of callus induction and had obvious differences with B5 medium and 1/2MS medium. B5 medium had the rate as 52.00%, 1/2MS medium had 39.56%, while MS medium had 74.44% induction rate.2. Medium with different levels of NAA, 2,4-D and 6-BA gave significant differences in the induction of callus, 2,4-D was found to be the key factor for callus induction, MS+NAA 2mg/L+6-BA 2mg/L+2,4-D 1mg/L was the best inducing medium for producing callus of cangshan garlic and sulian garlic, and the pH of the medium is 5.8. The induction rate of this medium is 68.33% and 62.33%. 2,4-D restrains the multiplication of the callus of the garlic, MS+NAA 2.0mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L, pH 5.8 is the best medium for the multiplication of cangshan garlic, which multiplication rate is 0.47; while MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 1.0mg/L, pH5.8 is the best medium for the multiplication of sulian garlic,which multiplication rate is 0.41.3. High level of 2,4-D can promote the induction of the callus, but can block the organ differentiation of the callus. The best medium for the the sprouting of the callus of cangshan garlic is MS+6-BA3.0mg/L+NAA1.0mg/L, pH5.8, which frequenty of sprouting is 27.67%; the best medium for the the sprouting of callus of sulian garlic is MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 2.0mg/L, pH 6.1, which frequenty of sprouting is 23.67%. MS+NAA 1.0mg/L,pH5.8 is the best medium for the the rooting of the callus of cangshan garlic and sulian garlic, which frequenty of rooting is 24.33% and 20.67%.4. The effect of light qualities on callus induction, multiplication,organ differentiation of garlic is different. Compared with the control , different light treatments can promote callus inductions of garlic, red, blue and red+blue have increased 17.56%,12.23% and 12.89%, among them, red need the shortest time, only 10d to have occurred callus induction which rate is the highest, reaching 75.78%. The qualities of callus under various light qualities were different, compared with white light, the quality of callus induced by red light was better, while blue and red+blue light reduced the quality of callus. Under red light the speed of callus proliferation was the fastest and the fresh weight of callus was the largest, which net weight reaching 1.13g 20 days later. Red light promote the differentiation of garlic callus, bud and root differentiation rates of cangshan garlic were 24.22% and 25.11%, bud and root differentiation rates of sulian garlic were 21.33% and 22.44%;blue and red+blue light inhibite callus formation, bud and root differentiation rates of cangshan garlic were only 2.00% and 2.67%, bud and root differentiation rates of sulian garlic were only 1.56% and 1.33%.5. We shudy the effect of light qualities on the soluble protein content, the soluble suger content, Vc content, allicin content and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT. We found, compared with the control, blue light can promote the content of the soluble protein, while red light can restrain the content of the soluble protein, but it can promote the content of the soluble suger, Vc and allicin, other than red light also can promote the activity of SOD, POD and CAT.