Apple Tree Transpiration Rule And Apple Orchard Evapotranspiration Features In Hilly Area Of Shandong Province

Through making experiment in apple orchard of ChaoQuan of FeiCheng on microclimate,soil evaporation,transpiration of apple tree, water profit and loss of apple orchards,affection to soil moisture redistribution of apple tree by planted hole under straw mulching research to explain:daily transpiration rate of apple tree in low mountains and hills , changes of daily transpiration rate of apple tree in different weather conditions,the correlation analysis of daily transpiration rate and the PAR, air temperature, air relative humidity,wind speed in different weather conditions,the correlation analysis of daily transpiration content and the PAR, air temperature, air relative humidity,wind speed during April to October, the rules of month transpiration content changing during April to October measured by TDP stem flow gauge;with PengMan method,water balance method, TDP stem flow gauge method and rainfall water profit and loss of apple orchard,soil dynamic changes of soil water content analysis under the condition of with straw mulching and no straw mulching during soil depth of 0㎝-20㎝, 20㎝-40㎝, 40㎝-60㎝, 60㎝-80㎝,we can get below rules:1 apple tree transpiration rule1.1 average daily transpiration rate of apple tree during April and October, July highest:0.15㎜/h, April and October minimum:0.04㎜/h.1.2 the curve of daily daily transpiration changes is single-peak,the difference of day transpiration changes is bigger for the affection of climatic factors,the general day transpiration rate is 0.4㎜/h, the highest day transpiration rate is 0.6㎜/h.1.3 the transpiration rate changes rule in sunny day, rainy day and cloudy day:in sunny the transpiration rate is much higher than the rate in cloudy day and rainy day conditions, the rate in rainy day is lowest.1.4 in sunny day the correlation of transpiration rate and the PAR, air temperature, air relative humidity and wind speed is significant,in cloudy day the correlation of transpiration rate and air temperature, air relative humidity is significant, in rainy day the correlation of transpiration rate and the air temperature, wind speed is significant.1.5 during April-October the correlation analysis of daily transpiration changes and each climate actor: the correlation of the PAR and daily transpiration changes is significant in April; the correlation of the air temperature,air relative humidity and daily transpiration changes is significant in May;the correlation of air temperature,air relative humidity and daily transpiration rate changes is significant in June; the correlation of the PAR and daily transpiration changes is significant in July; the correlation of the PAR,air temperature,air relative humidity and daily transpiration changes is significant in August; the correlation of the PAR,air relative humidity and daily transpiration changes is significant in September;the correlation of the PAR and daily transpiration changes is significant in October.1.6 based on the measurement of TDP stem flow gauge method the monthly transpiration content changes: the highest transpiration content is 101.75㎜ in June,the lowest is 29.59㎜ in April.2 the analysis of monthly evapotranspiration rule in apple orchardWith method of PengMan,water balance,TDP stem flow gauge the monthly evapotranspiration rule presents the trend of increased first then decreased.with method of PengMan the evapotranspiration in June is highest,with method of water balance,TDP stem flow gauge the evapotranspiration in July is highest.3 analysis of water profit and loss in apple orchardwith the method of PengMan,water balance,TDP stem flow gauge the water content presents loss during April,May,June,based on the water balance the water deficit is the highest for 145.40㎜; In July,the three methods present water profit,based on PengMan method the water profit is highest for 115.36㎜; during August-October water profit and loss presents different rules.4 soil moisture redistribution under straw mulchingthe effect that straw mulching made on soil moisture mainly performanced in dry season (approximately from April to May) and shallow soil ( 0-40 cm) while the effect was indistinctive in wet season (approximately from June to October) and deep soil ( 40-80 cm ). Straw mulching can improve surface soil water content effectively and made soil water distribution in different levels more uniform than that of no straw mulching.