Study On Soil Erosion Rules And Conservation Function Of Different Land Use Types In Central-south Mountain Area Of Shandong Province

In order to explore the rule of soil erosion of different land use types in central-south mountain area of Shandong province, the observed data of ten years was collected in soil and water conservation station(Xinzhuang station in Linqu country, Menglianggu station in Mengyin country, Hongshan station in Qufu city, Tai'an station)which are the representation of terrain of central-south mountain areas of Shandong province. At the same time 57 sample plots were set up at Tumen Plantation in Xintai and Luohanya Plantation in Tai'an. On the basis of these analyses, the relationship between different influencing factors and runoff and erosion amount was analyzed. And some anticipated empirical models of runoff and erosion amount of grass and agriculture land and empirical equations of hydrological effect and soil conservation effect were set up. The results of research are as follows:1. Soil erosion rules of grass landThere are good linear relations between rainfall and runoff and between rainfall and soil erosion on same slope gradient, different crops and same cover degree, different slope gradient and same slope gradient, different cover degree in grass runoff-plots. There are good logarithmic relation between rainfall intensity and runoff and between rainfall intensity and soil erosion. With the increase of rainfall and rainfall intensity, runoff and soil erosion are increasing. Anticipated empirical model on water and soil erosion for grass land in central-south mountain areas of Shandong province for runoff: Q=P^0.4779I₃₀^0.6390S^0.0635C^-0.7369,for soil erosion: Ms=P^1.4602I₃₀^0.1308S^0.1655C^-0.1010。On the basis of verification we can conclusion that the predicted and practical data are contiguous.2. Soil erosion rules of agriculture landThere are good linear relation between rainfall, rainfall intensity and runoff, soil erosion in same landform. The change extent of runoff and soil erosion is corn order peanut order wheat+peanut order wheat+soybean. There are good linear relation between rainfall, rainfall intensity and runoff, soil erosion in different slope length and gradient. With the increasing of slope length and gradient, runoff and soil erosion is increasing. With the increasing of rainfall and rainfall intensity,runoff and soil erosion is increasing and increasing extent reach maximum when rainfall is from 50.0 to 79.9mm and rainfall intensity is larger than 50mm/h. Anticipated empirical model on water and soil erosion for agricultural land in central-south mountain areas of Shandong province for runoff: Q=P^0.8228I₃₀^0.5237C^-3.9800L^0.6392S^0.4115 ,for soil erosion: Ms=P^0.4801I₃₀^0.8799C^-3.7597L^1.8089S^1.4502. On the basis of verification we can conclusion that the predicted and practical data are contiguous.3. Function of soil and water conservation of forest landThe litter accumulations of the mixed forestlands are more than pure forestlands obviously. The litter accumulations size order is broadleaf mixed forest>mixed wood> tree and shrub mixed forest. The maximum water-holding capacities,the interception, and the soil porosity of Quercus acutissima Carr. and Robinia pseudoacacia L.mixed forest are more than the other forests. And maximum water-holding capacities and soil porosity of Fructus Viticis Negundo is the least, interception and soil bulk density of Thuja occidentalis is the least. The penetrating speed,penetration depth and permeation rate of 11 forests are more than barren slope.Pinus thunbergii Parl. and Fructus Viticis Negundo mixed forest and Thuja occidentalis and Fructus Viticis Negundo mixed forest are the most and the least respectively. The empirical equation of hydrological effect and soil and water conservation effect are Y=-1.9963X₁-1.1599X₂-0.8618X₃+0.4077X₄+4.6207X₅and Y=-0.0035X₁-0.0461X₂+0.1408X₃+1.8037X₄-0.8952X₅. On the basis of verification we can conclusion that the predicted and practical data are contiguous.