| Using Heinong 38 etal.6 different genotypes soybean species experimental material,research to photosynthesis speciality and its ultrastructure;Systematical comparison of early maturing variety(Ken 18),midseason variety (Heinong 41) and late-maturing variety (Jiyu 60) of flowering and podding.The main results are as follows:1. the pod-areas of disciplinarian of high yield spring soybean was by 19.83% and 35.44% of the leaf-areas in full seeding,the chlorophyll contents of pod was by 5.67% and 8.20% of the leaf,true photosynthetic rate of pod was by 13.32% and 55.98%.Heinong38 was the lightest that the pod-areas account for the percentage of the leaf-areas and true photosynthetic rate of leaf,was respectively 34.85% and 26.4μmolCO2·m-2·s-1;The lightest true photosynthetic rate of pod was 8.48μmolCO2·m-2·s-1 of the Jiyu67,the shidou2hao had the lowest,was 2.24μmolCO2·m-2·s-1.The primary photosynthetic physiologic parameters of soybean pod was different from in Genotypes.2. Large seed variety of chloroplast and starch grain had large volume,the number of starch grain was more,the number of chloroplast and grana lamellae were more than medium seed and small seed variety significantly;In beginning seed stage, medium seed variety Heinong41 of chlorophyll content and really photosynthetic rate were most,both Large seed variety of chlorophyll content and really photosynthetic rate were comparatively poor;In fulling seed stage,the pod shell starch of residual amount that the Large seed variety was least,medium seed variety secondly and small seed variety were most;the Large seed variety of numbers and area of pod vascular bundle were more than medium seed and small seed variety.To choose the medium seed variety that chloroplast residual amount volume,more chlorophyll content,higher really photosynthetic rate of pod and the pod shell starch of residual amount was least in fulling seed stage, increase of area of pod in unit land area,which plays pod photosynthetic yield potential.3. On vertical distribution of the number of pods,ventricles,seeds in stem indicated the number most roughly in the crown 1st, obvious drop in the 2nd, restore from 3th to 5th,the steady tendency maintains 6th to 8th,starts change rule which drops slowly after 9th;The higher of seed setting rate in crown 1-6,reduces below of the 7th;Seeds of density(0.73-1.37 seeds/cm).The material W1 that the highest yield of per unit compare other materials to increase obviously on vertical distribution of the number of pods,ventricles , seeds,especially most obvious in crown 1st,seeds of density to be also highest,is 1.37 grain of /cm,but the seed setting rate is 80.48%.4. The distribution of flowers and pods in plant was lower node less,mostly in middle node and upper node,the top node had apical dominance obviously,to reduce greatly numbers of top second and third leaf;The upper node pods growing rate was slower, poding stage was longer;The top node had most pod,growing rate was fastest,pod of plastochron was shorter;In one node pods elongation synchrony had obvious differences,which of upper and middle lower node in plant of the differential mature period variety, the elongation synchrony was best that the upper node's pods of ken 18,and middle node'pods of heinong41,and lower node's pods of jiyu60.5. Except top node, the node sequence was similar to that of leaf area and flowers and pods in stem of soybean,The change tendency present less-more-less all of leaf area,flowers,pods from below;Photosynth–etic supply affect pods of at neighboring leaves; The top's leaves was the smallest, the flowers and pods affected by Photosynthetic supply at neighboring leaves. The same mature period of soybean, the number of flowering and podding were close, through breeding and cultivation technique gullied leaf area distribution in stem, increased flowers of middle node and upper node,especially top node's.On this basis, to further improve podding rate is an Important Way ofincrease pod number per plant. |
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