| In order to explore the influence of different waterlogging stages and different waterlogging time on emergence rate and yield and quality, pool plant and potted were used to research the effect of different waterlogging stage and different waterlogging time on yield,quality,photosynthesis properties,matter transfer, NPK absorption and aging enzyme activity,aiming to provide theoretical basis for the definition of waterlogging crop loss and technical support for The development of agricultural insurance. The main findings were as follows:1. Effect of sowing depth and waterlogging after sowing on emergence rate and the quality of seedlings before winterWith the pool planted condition,using four different varieties to study the response of sowing depth and waterlogging time under controll condition. Results showed that: waterlogging can reduce 3 cm soil temperature by 0.47℃, 5 cm soil temperature by 1.15℃. When the waterlogging time was equal, with the increase of sowing depth, waterlogging influence germination rate and seedling quality more and more strongly; when sowing depth was the same, with the increase of waterlogging time, the influence of waterlogging increase. When the sowing depth was in the range from 2 cm to 6 cm, shallow sowing can make germination rate and seedling quality higher, and reduce the effect on waterlogging, so shallow sowing was one of effective measures to treat waterlogging in waterlogging areas. However, shallow sowing makes the tillering node basically in 2 cm, not conducive to resistance freezing and drought, so the results were only suitable for waterlogging areas.2. Effect of waterlogging on yield and qualityAnthesis and filling stage waterlogging can cause biomass yield,grain yield ,1000-Kernel weight,harvest index decrease,and with waterlogging time become longer, the impact was bigger. The grain yield of treatments W3,W6,W9 and W12 waterlogged in the anthesis in high fertilizer soil respectively were lower 1.22%,3.60%,4.84% and 6.01% than W0 treatment,only W12 and W0 treatment reach the significant level, W3,W6,W9 and W0 did not reach the significant level. The grain yield of treatments W3,W6,W9 and W12 waterlogged in the anthesis in medium fertilizer soil respectively were lower 4.40%,4.71%,8.46% and 10.75% than W0 treatment, W3,W6 and W0 treatment did not reach the significant level, W9,W12and W0 reach the significant level.The grain yield of treatments W3,W6,W9 and W12 waterlogged in the filling stage in medium fertilizer soil respectively were lower 0.08%,2.42%,4.13% and 8.57% than W0 treatment, W3,W6 and W0 treatment did not reach the significant level, W9,W12 and W0 reach the significant level, W9 and W12 also reach the significant level.Waterlogging for 1 to 4 days after sowing can led to the average germination rate of five different sowing depths of TN18 decreased by 22.43%, winter dry matter decreased by 21.56%; JM20 decreased by 23.43% and 18.46%; SN8355 decreased by 9.66% and 19.86%; LM14 decreased by 6.21% and 23.20%; the effects of waterlogging on TN18 and JM20 were significantly lower than that on the SN8355 and LM14. The average yield of high fertility anthesis stage waterlogging treatment was 9385.13 kg.hm-1,higher than the average yield of medium fertility anthesis stage waterlogging treatment 8773.35kg.hm-1and the average yield of medium fertility filling stage waterlogging treatment 9017.21kg.hm-1.And 1000-Kernel weight and harvest index, high fertility treatments were higher than medium fertility treatments. Under the condition of medium fertility,anthesis stage waterlogging treatments make greater influence in yield than filling stage waterlogging treatments.After theanthesis and filling 12 days waterlogging, grain protein content, flourwet gluten content, dough stability time, zeleny sedimentation bolume significantly reduce.It explains that the later stage waterlogging can cause quality significantly reduce.In addition,we also find that Grain protein content, flourwet gluten content,Water absorption,Dough stability time,Zeleny sedimentation bolume in the high fertility condition were higher than that in medium condition.Arosing stage waterlogging can cause spike number significantly reduce;flagging stage waterlogging has the biggest influence on 1000-Kernel weight;anthesis stage waterlogging has the biggest influence on harvest index; anthesis stage and filling stage waterlogging can cause small green spikes significantly increase, pregnant spikes significantly reduce. The effect of anthesis stage and filling stage was bigger than that of arosing stage and flagging stage.3. Effect of waterlogging on flagleaf physiological and biochemical index hThe research on flagleaf photosynthetic showed that, the waterlogging can improve the photosynthetic of winter wheat. Besides, the longer after waterlogging end,the photosynthetic value will more different between waterlogging treatment and contrast treatment,the flagleaf photosynthetic of different treatments were decreased gradually along with the growth period. In the aspects of flagleaf fluorescence,the waterlogging treatment'sФPSⅡa nd Fv/Fm value were down slightly than contrast treatment,which were treated in the anthesis and fillingperiod in pool and pot planted experiment. Waterlogging treatment influenceФPSⅡvalue more than Fv/Fm value.The flagleaf SOD,CAT activity decreased and POD activity,MDA content increased when waterlogging in the anthesis and fillingperiod, state that waterlogging has certain harm to plant.After six days waterlogging end,the difference value of SOD and POD and CAT, MDA were less than the difference value when waterlogging just end between contrast treatment and waterlogging treatment, state that wheat has certain self-repairing ability.After the flowering the contrast treatment's wheat flagleaf SOD and POD and CAT activities were declines, MDA content shows ascendant trend. The flagleaf of SOD and POD, CAT activity were higher in high fertilizer soil than in the medium fertilizer soil in the same period , And MDA content was lower than in the medium fertilizer soil in the same period.4. Effect of waterlogging on Translocation and distribution of materialCompared with CK,waterlogging for 12 days can cause biomass yield,grain yield,transition quantity, transfer rate,contribution rate significantly increase, stem and leaf weight significantly reduce,that cause grain weight per stem reduce.It illustrates that waterlogging prevent straw dry matter transfer to grain, leading to dry matter transfer rate,contribution rate reduce, ultimately influence yield.Nitrogen content of Anthesis and filling stage waterlogging for 12 days was significantly reduce contrast to CK,but P,Kcontent significantly increase. The High fertilizer waterlogging treatment flowering plant nitrogen content, grain nitrogen content, harvest nitrogen content per plant, nitrogen transition quantity, nitrogen transfer rate, higher than that of medium fertilizer. But after waterlogging in the high fertilizer the nitrogen content of grain decreased margin of 14.07%,but in medium fertilizer waterlogging the nitrogen content of grain decrease was not significant.This shows that in high fertilizerwaterlogging condition,waterlogging can stimulate accumulated of nitrogen before flowering transport more to the vegetative organs, but restrain the accumulation of nitrogen after flowering tranfer less to grain.
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