The Relationships Between The Epidermal Features And The Opening Of Flowers On Floral Organs Of Camellia Japonica L.Cv.'Hongluzhen'

Camellia japonica L. is one of the ten traditional famous flowers in China. Camellia japonica L. cv.'hongluzhen'used in this experiment was peony type. Some stamens petalled, as a result, the number of petals increased. To explore the relationship among the epidermal features, characteristics of stomatal movement and the opening of Camellia japonica L. flowers, the epidermal cell density, stomatal length, stomatal width, stomatal density and stomata index on the epidermis of Camellia japonica L. cv.'hongluzhen'petals and stamens in bud stage (I), petal emerge (Ⅱ), slight opening (Ⅲ), full opening (Ⅳ) and fallen flowers (Ⅴ) were studied. Furthermore, the effects of exogenous auxin, ABA and SA on stomatal movement of petals and staminal tubes were studied. It provides a basis for stomata function and stomata physiology on floral organs.1. The results showed that stomata were distributed on petals, stamens and overy walls. Stomatal were found mainly at the base of the petals and the staminal tubes. The distribution on ovary walls was irregular and the density was extremely low. On those floral organs, two guard cells and 5 to 10 epidermal cells around them constitute the actinocytic type stomatal complex.2. In bud stage, there were almost no stomata on petals. The stomata on upper surface of petals were larger than that on the lower surface. The main action of epidermal cells on petals was cell expansion. The growth speed on the upper and lower surface was different. From slight opening stage to full opening stage, the stomatal pore width on the lower and upper surface changed accordingly. Different growing speeds, non-uniformed distribution of stomata and changes of stomatal pore width all might be involve the opening of flowers.3. The epidermal cell density on the outer surface of staminal tubes was larger than that on the inner surface in the former two stages, but lower in the later three stages. From petal emerge stage to fallen flowers stage, the ratio of stomatal length and stomatal width on the outer surface was lower than that on the inner surface.4. There are some abnormities about stomata on staminal tube, for instance, stomatal clusters, stomata consisting of three or four guard cells, single guard cell, and abnormal pores.5. Stomata on upper and lower surface of petals were insensitive to ABA and SA. The stomata pore width kept stable as time prolonging or the concentration of ABA, SA increased.6. ABA or SA could induce the reduction of stomatal pore width on staminal tubes. Neither of them could induce the complete closure. The stomatal pore width on the outer surface of staminal tube could reduce to 60～30 percent of the original width, and on the inner surface 70～60 percent of the original width.