Studied On Relations Of Heterosis In Waxy Maize And Genetic Distance

A total of 12 varieties and lines of waxy maize with great diversity was used selectively as parents, random selection of great diversity or complementary hybrid lines in order to 12 combinations. Analysis of 12 main agronomic characters (including yield) of MPH and BPH, using test data of hybrid lines and F1 generation. And using SSR molecular markers on 12 inbred lines of waxy maize had a common genetic distance analysis, divided of the waxy maize heterosis group. Combination of the result of the analysis and SSR molecular makers to research on relations of heterosis in waxy maize and genetic distance, conclusions are as follows:(1) Heterosis and Analysis of Variance:By agronomic characters analysis of 12 inbred lines of waxy maize and F1 generation, Average of 12 agronomic characters of F1 were superior to the inbred lines. Change range of agronomic characters of Fi generation less than 12 inbred lines except Corncob weight. By heterosis analysis of F1 generation, the number of positive heterosis more than negative.It shows that it exists some superior combinations:G22×G35,G04×G29,G08×G13,G29×G05,G12×G05,G13×G16 have higher heterosis in the main agronomic characters including yield than other combination.Average of the Heterosis Order, yield>Corncob weight>Grain number by row>Ear height>Plant height>100-grain weight>Ear length>Ear width>Corncob width>Stem diameter>Ear row number>Rea Ear length. So yield, Grain number by row, Ear height, Plant height,100-grain weight and length have bigger choice and others are not.According to the analysis of Variance in Ear length, Rea Ear length, Ear width, Ear row number, Grain number by row, Corncob weight,100-grain weight, Plant height, Ear width, Ear height of F1 generation. The results showed that the agronomic characters had obvious advantages, and showed that there are obvious differences among the agronomic characters in the hybrid combination.(2) SSR molecular marked genetic distance and cluster analysis:17 pairs Core Primer distributed in 10 pairs Chromosome. It found 63 allelic variations in 12 maize inbred lines, every pair of Primer found 3-4 allele gene, the average is 3.7.12 maize inbred lines genetic distance change range wide 0.06-0.94, the average is 0.69, and the maximum of genetic distance Combination is G29×G05, genetic distance is 0.94, and the minimum of genetic distance Combination is G11×G29, genetic distance is 0.12.(3)The Relations of genetic distance and heterosis:Genetic distance is similar in Ear width and Plant height's over mid-parent advantage to F1 generation, genetic distance is similar in yield's over mid-parent advantage to the 0.01 level to F1 generation. Correlation Coefficient is 0.792; Positive correlation between Genetic distance and Plant height, Yield and Ear width's over high-parent advantage obviously. Parent in higher heterosis combination almost come from different groups. The less Parent of generation distance, the less heterosis. In a special scope, the more genetic distance among Parents, the more combination of heterosis, oppositely, combination of heterosis is weaker.