A Study Of Improving The Variety Characteristics Of Northeast Rice By Laser Mutagenesis

Laser mutation breeding is a new technique developed since the sixties. It expands the theory of crop cultivation and promoted the germplasm innovation and evolution characteristics of the crop cultivation in China. The majority of breeders have made remarkable progress through the tireless efforts of the past 50 years in this area. In order to achieve better breeding results and promote of high yield and characteristics of northeast rice, we use the femtosecond laser in laser irradiation mutagenesis for the first time to study the affect of rice seed growth caused by irradiation. The paper described the principle of laser irradiation mutagenesis in rice and chosed Long Rice 5 to be the material for the experiment. The seeds of Long Rice 5 were exposed by femtosecond laser at the wavelength of 800nm, power 650mw for different time treatment. Then germinating, seedling and planting the seeds, based on this we studied the following:We studied the affects of the femtosecond laser irradiation on seed germination and emergence. The results of experiment showed that femtosecond laser irradiation can promote the germination and emergence of rice. It will be manifested as prolonged irradiation inhibition. The 13s treatment reached the semi-lethal effect. To study the femtosecond laser irradiation on promoting rice growth and seedling resistance, we measured the chlorophyll content,the POD,SOD and CAT activity of the rice seeding. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of treated rice seedlings increased significantly than the contrast check, POD and CAT activity increased, SOD activity was reduced. The results showed femtosecond laser irradiation speed up the photosynthesis of rice seedlings, so as to promote the growth of rice seedlings. Femtosecond laser irradiation can affect the enzyme system of rice seedlings. The activity of POD and CAT enhanced showed that the seedlings enhanced the scavenging capacity of intracellular reactive oxygen and free radicals, strengthening the ability of the seedlings to adapt to adverse environments.For further study about the femtosecond laser irradiation on rice agronomic traits such as plant height, yield and other affected or induced mutations had the promotion, which provided useful features for improving varieties. The morphological indicators of maturity were record at the growth of mature. The results showed that after laser irradiation, different irradiation time affected the plant height, ear number, seed setting rate and grain weight of maturity rice differently. The 5 seconds treatment was the best irradiation time for increasing the yield of rice. In 11 seconds and 13 seconds treatment also received early maturity and long-mount mutants.