| Camellia oleifera Abel is a seed of woody edible oil material tree endemic to China, with tall form and dense crown. For a long time the extensive management caused the problem of inferior quality and low yield, therefore, gardening cultivation is imperative. This paper focuses on the study of horticultural cultivation pruning work on the sapling stage of Camellia, which will promote the formation of a good tree structure, reasonable distribution of branches which ensure full acceptance of light and the improvement of fruit yield and quality, and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases also.This study use four years camellia saplings as subjects, and open heart shape, hierarchical shape and natural form (as control) as shaping methods in order to cultivate a good tree structure and conduct the research of growth and physiological characteristics of the tree. The factor analysis and cluster analysis methods are used in the evaluation of the camellia saplings under different shaping methods, to provide technical support in the long run. The main results are as follows:(1) Through variance analysis of height of seedling, diameter, crown width and leaf character of the sapling under Different ways of shaping, the differences turn out to be significant. The growing conditions are as follows:open heart shape> hierarchical shape> natural form, the open heart shaping make the saplings accept the light and distribute the nutrition better which is conducive to the growth.(2) The study of photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, concentration of intercellular CO2 per day and light response curve under different shaping method shows that the overall trend of diurnal variation response up-down-up-down bimodal curve; transpiration rate in a day shows increased firstly then downward trend; cond diurnal variation curve shows wavy style inconsistency with the change of Pn; concentration of intercellular CO2 change per day shows firstly downward then increased trend; light response curve shows the trend of increase; finally, the comprehensive assessment of photosynthetic characteristics under different shaping method shows that the open heart shaping is superior to hierarchical shaping, and the worst is natural form. The open heart shaping make sure the saplings accept the light completely, hence a higher Pn, which is conducive to the growth.(3) The measurement and variance analysis of moisture content, soluble sugar, soluble protein and nitrate of the leave showed that in level of (P<0.05) the differences between sapling under different shaping methods are significant. The average RWC is 82.66%; the RWC of open heart shaping is 88.33%; the RWC in the control is 76.00%, which is the lowest. The analysis of soluble sugar, soluble protein and nitrate reductase date indicate that the physiological characteristics of leaves, take different shaping methods, are also significant.(4) The survey of the Camellia,the number of buds, panicle length, flowering rate and so on indicates that the index of open heart shaping is the best then the hierarchical shaping and then natural form, which shows that the happy-shape can improve the growth condition of the tree and impel flower budding which is benefit for flowering.(5) After correlation analysis, it is found that nitrate reductase activity is in positive correlation with the diameter, leaf area, leaf width and leaf length, in negative correlation with the height of seedling, and in highly level of significance with the weight of every thousand leaves on the level of 0.01.(6) Through factor analysis and cluster analysis of the comprehensive evaluation of Camellia oleifera Abel under different shaping method, results show that the characteristics of first factor is 5.5316 and contribution rate of variance is 50.38%; the characteristics of second factor contribution rate is 2.3163 and contribution rate of variance is 20.98%; the characteristics of third factor contribution rate is 1.2882 and contribution rate of variance is 11.80% which means that the best shaping method for growth characteristics and photosynthesis of Camellia oleifera Abel is open heart shaping, followed by the hierarchical shaping, and the worst natural form.
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