The State Of Organic Manure Utilization In Present And Its Effects To Soil Environment

Rational application of organic fertilizer can not only maintain yield and yield increasing, can also promote re-used of organic fertilizer in Henan province, and resolve problems arised during organic fertilizer using, which reduce applying of inorganic fertilizer and improve the efficiency of agriculture producing. This study is conducted in Xunxian county and Qixian county of Hebi city, did dot and face investigation about organic fertilizer usage, and by investigation of nitrate content of well water throughout province, and by organic fertilizer filter and field using experiments, through nutrient equation with make model and rudimental of soil nitrate analyze the problem in organic fertilizer use and nitrate leaching , studied the amount and means when uses organic fertilizer in rotation of corn-wheat for high yield and for best environment benefit. The main results are as follows:(1) Through investigation, nowadays use of organic fertilizer decrease, reused efficiency is low. Average nutrients recycling ratio of dejecta fertilizer is 45.25%, only half of organic fertilizer take part in the process of reused ; organic fertilizer use has distribute problem, in Henan province, amount of organic fertilizer use is unbalance between different areas and different crops, there is organic fertilizer shortage and overuse as well, the ratio of area that use organic fertilizer in Xunxian and Qixian is only 48.2% and 47.1%, in Xunxian, it is 25.2% and 70.8% for grain crops, industrial crops producing and for garden stuff, in Qixian that is 18.% and 76.8%, the use of organic fertilizer is higher in poultry area and for vegetable and in garden; in field, N fertilizer using is higher than crop needed, which make N fertilizer surplus, while in some poultry area more dejecta makes it worse, and make the higher nitrate accumulation, which pollute the water and also make the soil acidification and salification. And this badness effect has appeared, for example, nitrate content of underwater in some poultry area and vegetable planting area had be in higher level.(2)Soil column leachate experiment shows, soil texture and soil section form are the main factors affecting the nitrate leaching; in soil organic fertilizer produce a nitrate leaching process, during five-month experiment, nitrate content has be increasing in leakage solution, organic fertilizer applying decrease the pH and increase the electric conduction of leakage solution, there is positive action between nitrate content in leakage solution and electric conduction, which shows that nitrate-N accumulation during organic fertilizer applying is one of the main factors for soil salification; for decrease the leaching of the nitrate-N in soil, in sandy moisture soil the best amount of organic fertilizer should be 7.5～ 15 t·hm^-2 , in Loamy moisture...