Development And Application Of Microbiological Methods For The Detection Of Residues Of Penicillin In Milk

Penicillin are the most important group of antibiotics used in veterinary medicine. They are used to treat or prevent bovine mastitis by intramammary administration extensively, The presence of penicillin residues in milk is an escalating problem that has aroused public concern over potential health hazards and Antibiotic resistance. It is necessary to control and detection of penicillin residues in milk.The investigative purpose this dissertation is to study and research the advance Analytical techniques of foreign country for detecting penicillin residues in milk.Analytical methods of veterinary drug residues can include screening, determinative and confirmatory procedures. Screening methods are designed to be rapid, easy to use and to give a positive or negative response for a drug at a specified concentration level in a matrix. Determinative methods are designed to separate and to quantify and provide some qualitative information on the analyte of interest. Confirmatory methods are meant to provide unambiguous identification of the drug residue in question.Microbiological methods to detect antimicrobial residues in foods is belong to screening methods traditionally, Microbiological methods is classified as the microbial growth inhibition assay, microbial receptor assay, and enzymatic colorimetric assay. These tests have been used to screen large numbers of milk samples for antimicrobial and are widely used today. These screening tests can not provide definitive information on the identity of specific drug residues. Therefore, additional analytical tests may be needed to determine if a sample is actually violative for an veterianry drug residue.The most frequently used microbiology screening tests were the disc assays with Bacillus stearothermophilus, Delvotest-P, Brilliant black reduction test,...