Study On Microsporegenesis And Differences Of Expressing Protein In Bud Of Mono-Dominant Genetic Male Sterility In Brassica Napus L.

Rape, from which 50% edible plant oil come, is the main oil crop planted in our country. From long ago to now, selecting and breeding new high-yield and good-quality rape varieties is the important task that the plant breeding scientists confront with all the time. What the researchers ahead of us do tests that heterosis is the primary approach to increase the rapeseed yield, while the male sterility (abbr. MS) is one of the main methods of using heterosis. MS in the rape includes genetic male sterility (abbr. GMS) or nucleus male sterility (abbr. NMS) which controlled by nuclear genes, and cytoplasm-nucleus interaction male sterility, which abbreviated in CMS. GMS is many-typed, deeply and stable sterile, and easy to select and breed, so it is now becoming an effective approach gradually in plant breeding.The mono-dominant GMS in Brassica napus L. is a segregative colony in which the sterile and fertile in proportion of 1:1. It is selected and cultivated by Rapeseed Branch of Shaanxi Province, National Oil-Crop Improvement Center & Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province. The outer flower shape traits, course of microsporegenesis and the difference of protein expressing in bud were compared and analyzed. In the fertile line, the outer shape of the flower is natural, the petal is isometric, same-colored golden yellow and the bud is plump, moist; filling satiation when pressed with hands; in the genetic male sterile line, the petal is smaller than the one of fertile line; and there is no filament or the filament is very short; the anther is withered and hollow, no-pollen, but the pistil is pregnant. Observing the microspore development course through paraffin slices, autolysis of tapetal layer takes place around the tetrads stage, therefore the nutrition was supplied for the development of the microspore; while in the GMS Line microspores abortion was found before the pollen mother cells meiosis stage, and the tetrads couldn't be formed, then the contents of microspore leaked out, microspore lysis followed after, at last, sterility occurred. Measuring the circle and area of cross section, comparing two groups by using statistics methods, at the time when the bud is 1.5cm long, there is no significant differences in circle length and area between fertile line and sterile line, but when the bud is 3.0cm, 5.0cm and 7.0cm.