| Ecological environments are essential conditions for human existence and development as well as the basis of social and economic development. Lying in the area joining the Loess plateau and the Mongolian Plateau, Yulin suffers water and soil losses and severe desertification, and faces quick population, which thus results in its economic poverty, ecological deterioration and population explosion, which form a vicious cycle as the causes and results of one another. Its urgent problem to be solved is what kinds of ecologically beneficial tree species with high additive value should be chosen in the ongoing project of withdrawing farmland from farming for grass planting.Sea buckthorn is a tree specie of excellence that integrates economic, ecological and social values into one. Yulin is an area where sea buckthorn naturally distributes and suitable for it to grow. The paper presents a study that investigated the current situations and problems of sea buckthorn resources and their industrial development in Yulin through field survey and analyzed them according to ecological, social and economic values of sea buckthorn, and natural and social conditions of Yulin, and put forward the measures and strategies to solve these problems in terms of more than 46700 hectares of sea buckthorn in Yulin. It can be seen from the study that :â‘ in Yulin, sea buckthorn development is generally divided into three stages, the period of self-generation, the period of large-scale planting period, and the period of species introduction, domestication and extension. Since 1980, Yulin has increased its sea buckthorn area annually by2000hm2 and especially since 1990 it has even multipled its sea buckthorn area;â‘¡sea buckthorn is drought resistant, barrens tolerant, light-loving and of strong adaptability so that it is suitable for the soil with good permeability. Located in the boundary area of the Muus desert, Yulin has sufficient sunshine and warmth, high diurnal temperature difference and relatively abundant water resources, which are beneficial to sea buckthorn growth and that because of its low temperature sea buckthorn is not easy to be infected in large areas by diseases. Thus it is a proper place for sea buckthorn to grow. Now, its sea buckthorn forests, covering about 46700 hectares, are growing vigorously, presenting strong tillering capacity and suffering insignificant attacks by pests, and their major planted species is Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. subsp. sinensis Rousi.â‘¢In Yulin, the utilization and development of sea buckthorn resources are currently characterized by giving priority to ecological benefits, breaking the wind, fixing sand , conserving water and soil and protecting ecological environments. Meanwhile, farmers receive economic benefit directly or indirectly by picking, collecting and selling sea buckthorn leaves and fruits, constructing sea buckthorn forests for goat raising and obtaining fuels from sea buckthorn.Although Yulin has rich sea buckthorn resources and favorable natural conditions for sea buckthorn growth and planting, has brought sea buckthorn to plays an important role in its ecological construction, and made certain advances in the utilization and development of the resources, it still has certain problems in its sea buckthorn resources, which mainly manifest themselves in the following respects:â‘ it has not fully utilized and developed its current resources. In Yulin, all the sea buckthorn forests are mainly ecological forests and nearly all of them are under closed tending; as result, there are nearly no developments of the products related to the leaves, fruits and shoots and seeds of sea buckthorn;â‘¡the ecological construction has been proceeding slowly and the tending practices are not adequately executed. Because of insufficient fund investments and inadequate tending practices, the sea buckthorn forests are not rejuvenated, pruned and renewed so that they are nearly in a state of nature;â‘¢the scientific work has lagged and inadequate efforts have been pooled for the development and extension of new varieties. the varieties for tree planting are not diverse, the variety multiplication and three planting are technically backward and extensive, and the variety introduction and extension are slow, so that the sea buckthorn planting of scale is negatively affected;â‘£the governmental supports and farmers'understanding are inadequate. Because sea buckthorn is now mainly employed to protect ecological environments thus possessing ecological and social benefits, and the related governmental departments do not have adequate understanding, there are small amounts of investment in the breeding, introduction, demonstration and scale planting, management of the varieties, and high-efficiency utilization of the resources in addition to forest ownership disputes; furthermore, the high-efficiency utilization is constrained because sea buckthorn has low economic benefits, high investment risk, and poor recognition from farmers in the near future. Considering the above problems and in order to be efficient, the utilization and industrial development of sea buckthorn resources in Yulin should start from farmers'desires to become better off and rely on local advantageous resources; be government dominated and market-oriented; give priority to scientific innovations, take leading enterprises as the core, scale development as the main body, choice products and brand making as the masterstroke; aim at increasing forestry efficiency and farmers'income; following the guiding ideology of raising sea buckthorn development of Yulin to a high level and realizing sea buckthorn industrialization; take such measures as strengthening governmental leadership and coordination, being market-oriented, making science and technology play an leading role ,making reasonable planning and arrangement, carrying out industrial development of scale, setting up experiment bases reasonably, and developing choice products and making popular brands. The results of the study are realistically of reference value to reasonable utilization, and healthy, stable and industrialized development of sea buckthorn in Yulin. |
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