Studies On Cytochemistry And Ultrastructure Of Stamen Development In Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) Sex Differentiation

Cytochemistry and the ultrastructure of stamen were investigated in Yuan Hong litchi .The main results are as follows:1．The changes of morphologic of stamen in the development of Litchi flower bud were observed to supply morphological evidence by the scanning electric microscope. Superficial cells of the female flower anther were cracked in meiosis and sporule development phase. It resulted in the male sterility of the female flower. It was one of the reasons for male sterility that superficial cells of the female flower anther were pyramid-shaped in the early development of sporule.2．The research in histochemistry of stamen in the development Litchi flower bud by the optical scope. Semi-thin sections were prepared by LKB ultramicrotome with TEM sample. Some of the sections were used to demonstrate polysaccharide and fat deposition by PAS reaction and Sudan black B staining reaction; the others were used to microstructure studies by toluidine blue staining reaction. There was no polysaccharide and fat deposition in the filament of the abortion female flowers, and in the tapetum cells and sporules. It shows that male sterility was related to inadequate nutrients supply. The abnormal tapetum cells of abortion anther were one of the reasons of male sterility.3．Studies on the ultrastructure of stamen in the development Litchi flower bud by the transmission electric microscope. The tapetum cells in part of female flower anthers were disintegrated in the development of sporogenous cells. Sporogenous cells were aborted as the result of the inadequate nutrients supply. The tapetum cells in part of female flower anthers did not in the secretion condition, and content disorderly released in the development of sporules. Tapetum dysphasia resulted in the abortion of female flower anther. In addition, vascular tissue of female flowers was inferior to the male flower in the development of sporogenous cells, sanding hindrance to nutrient shipping. The endophragm cell of female flower disintegrated, anther surface recessed pollen sacs obstructed the development of space; and the endophragm cell of male flower had thickening bands of pollen sacs played a supporting role.4．Studies on the changes of polyamines of stamen in the development of Litchi flower bud by HPLC. The content of Put in the male flower stamen was significantly higher than female flower stamens, female flowers pistils and male flower pistils; The content of Spd and Spm in the male flower stamen were significantly lower than female flower pistils, which is slightly lower than male flower pistils and female flower stamens. Put played an important role in the development of male flowers. Insufficient Put in the female flowers leads to male sterility.5．Studies on the ATPase of stamen in the development Litchi flower bud by the transmission electric microscope. Sporules and the tapetum cells of Abortion female flowers had no ATPase in the late development of sporules, and ATPase was found in the male flowers. It shows that the female flower anthers are insufficient energy supply in this period. Insufficient energy supply may lead to sporules abortion.6．Studies on the Ca of stamen in the development Litchi flower bud by the transmission electric microscope. Microsporocyte of Abortion female flowers accumulated more calcium particles than male flowers. It may lead to abnormal meiosis. There were more calcium particles in tapetum cells nuclei and cytoplasm of female flower than which of male flower in the development of sporule, which may resulted in male sterility.