| Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is a famous special fruit both of medicineand fooc in tropical and subtropical zone, China is the origin of longan. which holdabundam germplasm resource. There were geographical limitation on sample in thefield of Longan genetic diversity. the anterior study of which was absent from abroadcultivars So the result was proved to be no representative.By the means of the molecular marker as RAPD (Radom AmplificationPolymro(?)hic DNA). ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat). SRAP(Sequenee-Related Amplification Polymorphism) and ITS (Internal TranscriptionSpacers). genetic diversity and molecular identification of 16 representative longangenotypes were studied in this paper, which were 15 longan cultivars and a Longli.from 9 main production regions including China, Thailand and Indonesia. The resultwas follews:Firs(?) genomic DNA. was extracted using the modified CTAB method. Then thesystem (?) reaction was established with RAPD, ISSR and SRAP. The result showedthat the longan had abundant genetic diversity. Shixia presented a specific band atS1054-6(?)0bp. which was different from others. By single amplified fragment andfabricate the longan sample could be distinguished each other.Secend, the internal transcription spacers (include ITS1, 5．8s rDNA and ITS2) of15 cultivars of Genus Logan and Longli were sequenced. It was shown that the size ofITS Longan ranged from 618bp to 646bp. the length variation was found both in ITS1and ITS2 The length of ITS1 varies from 227bp to 235bp. and the length of ITS2 isfrom 227-247．The content of (G+C) is from 62．2% to 63．0%. In DNAStar analysis.the hom(?)ogy of the sample is above 94%. Phylogenetic tree were constructed asdivided into three clusters. The result supported that Longli should be a Longan genus.Accordi(?)g to the variation dot. the molecular identification is feasible to distinguishthe Longan cultivars. except for Lidongben and Chuliang. Shiyuelongyan andSri-chumpoo.
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