| Two winter wheat were used in this study which was of the redundancy of root system and tillers on wheat. It was studied that the effect of roots and tillers removed on the growth and products of winter wheat and the relationship between growth redundancy and size inequality in winter wheat with different irrigaition, different density and non-tillage staw. The main results are as follows:1. It resisted redundancy to the root system and tillers of winter wheatThe spike length,spike weight,No. of grains per spike,grain weight and other indexes of both main stem and tillers of the winter wheat with roots removed were bigger than CK in root removed trials. However, 1/4 roots removed wheat had a greater advantage in the main stem′s indexes, and 1/2 roots removed wheat in the tillers′indexes. In the two treatments, compared to the CK, the xindong No.1 increased 6.79%,19.11%,21.46% 17.87% and 13.29%,17.25%,16.72%,14.29% respectively, the Fan 13 increased 17.36%,34.54%,21.46%,40.60% and 15.68%,30.64%,36.95%,32.70%. However, the more tillers don't mean higher production because some tillers hadn't been ripe while main stem ripe already. So we can affirm basically that there are at least 1/4 root system is redundant in the winter wheat under the adequate irrigation.In the trials of tillers, the total biomass,main stem's wheat,the effective tillers'weight,the spike length,spike weight,No. of grains per spike and grain weight of the two different winter wheat varieties under the 1/3 removed and the main stem removed conditions are larger than CK. So there are at least 1/3 tillers is redundant in the winter wheat.2. It will induce compensation, even overcompensation mechanism when the winter wheat's root syetem was disturbed or destructed during growth stage.The dry matter's increment of root removed was equal to the CK from booting stage to flowering stage, the CK of the xindong No.1 and Fan 13 increased 89.56% and 186.71% respectively, the 1/4,1/2root removed incresed 87.26%,86.77% and 178.73%,185.64% respectively. But it was larger significantly than CK from flowering stage to ripping stage. the CK of the xindong No.1 and Fan 13 increased 46.70% and 13.41% respectively, the 1/4,1/2root removed incresed 184.90%,65.13% and 38.75%,47.86% respectively. It indicated that winter wheat induced compensation in the middle of growth stage, but overcompensation in the end. 3. Non-tillage staw not only improved the production but also aggravated growth redundancy of winter wheatNon-tillage staw can improve biomass (+ 42.49%)and production of winter wheat(+30.60%) very significant, it resulted from the incresement of No. of spikes per area(+25.35%),No. of grains per spike(+22.1%~24.9%) and grain weight of tillers(+63.96%). But No. of grains per spike and grain weight of main stem had no significant variation between non-tillage staw and CK.Number of barren shoot,Number of barren shoot/number of total shoot,weight of barren shoot and weight of barren shoot/weight of total shoot were bigger than the CK significantly or very significantly in non-tillage staw, the reproductive allocation (RA) and harvesting index (HI) were smaller than CK. It was obvious that winter wheat cultivation with non-tillage staw does not always mean efficiency, it also aggrated growth redundancy of wheat population when it added environmental capacity.4. There were a large of redundancy with the treatments of less times, more quatity and more times, more quatity in the water trials, and the size inequality was bigIn the water trials, the irrigation of treatment of less times, more quatity was enough in the shooting stage, but no watering subsequently so that most tillers died in late growing stage because of the lack of water, this led to a large of ineffective tillers.So the biomass was the lowest in the five treatments, the effective tillers formed lately were the lest, and the redundancy of tillers was most. However, the irrigation was sufficient enough through all the growing time in the treatment of more times, more quatity. There are lots of tillers formed subsequently, its biomass was the highest, and the final output was also the highest. However, a lot of ineffective tillers were formed during the growing process in this treatment, its Number of barren shoot,Number of barren shoot/number of total shoot,weight of barren shoot and weight of barren shoot/weight of total shoot were bigger than any other treatment`s , in other words, it existed a large of redundancy in this treatment, the enough irrigation was not only the normal growth of plants, but also provided condition for the growth of many ineffctive tillers.5 There were a large of redundancy with the treatments of high-density and low-density in the density trials, and the size inequality was bigIn the density trials, spike number of unit area of low-density is the least, pressure of competition on the light, fertilizer, water and so on was small among the population, the single plant grew vigorously and yielded many tillers, but most of them are the ineffective because of no-earing tillers at the late growing stage. So the treatment of low-density had much redundancy and affected directly the final output. Spike number of unit area of high-density is the most, pressure of competition on the light, fertilizer, water and so on was large among the population, so the single plant grew badly, many tillers were dead leading to the lack of the light, fertilizer, water and so on. Therefore, the redundancy degree was high in high-density treatment.6 There were not significant effect of secondary tillers of winter wheat on the final biomass and economic outputsIn the conservation tillage , water and density trials, the percentage of primary tillers biomass were 39.32%~68.65%, 47.24%~69.74% and 47.24%~69.74% respectively, the percentage of secondary tillers biomass only were 1.56%~15.29%,1.77%~15.61% and 1.60%~12.50% respectively. It was found from the trials that the secondary tillers were almost the ineffective tillers. |
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