| Picea crassifolia kom. is a domestic species in westen China,and it is one of the most important indigenous tree species used for the production of pulp wood and timber. Most of natural stands were felled in history, some gene resources had been lost. In order to conserve the remainders scientifically and utilize rationally, it was necessary to make clear genetic diversity (GD) and population differentiation within the species. This study could provide the theoretical references and basic data for the gene resources conservation and genetic improvement in this species.This study selected and investigated 10 natural populations of picea crassifolia kom. in QiLian mountain, based on filed investigation and analysis of the natural distribution of Picea crassifolia kom. . Three needle traits, four cone traits, three seed scale traits, three seed wing traits and four seed tarits in 10 trees from each of 10 population in Picea crassifolia kom. were measured in order to opened out the phenotypic variation of natural populations and found out the relationship between phenotypic variation of natural population and different distribution areas in Picea crassifolia kom.. The major conclusions were described as follows :(1) The variance analysis for all the phenotypic traits showed that there was significantly difference among populations and there was significantly difference among individuals within population except the cone dry weight and cone length /cone width.(2) The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (Vst) ranged from2.84%~57.25%, the mean Vst was 31.20, it showed that the variation among populations (31.20%) was smaller than that within population(68.80%).(3) The order of Coefficient of variation (CV) within population was as follows: Datong1(17.69) > Tianzhu1(12.77) > Menyuan(11.35) > Shandan(10.81) > Tianzhu2(10.79) > Sunan3(10.68) > Sunan2(10.57) > Sunan1(10.30) > Minle(9.98) > Datong2(9.68). The mean CV of ten populations was 11.17%. The tendency of the CV within populations was Datong1, Tianzhu1, and Menyuan were highter than the total mean variation.(4) The order of Relative extreme value(R′i)of needle, cone, seed scale, seed wing and seed was needle(65.49) > seed scale(61.32) > seed wing( 59.40) > seed(53.05) > cone(50.46). The order of Relative extreme value(R′i)in ten populations was: Tianzhu1(68.51) > Shandan(62.08) > Sunan3(61.43) > Datong1(61.00) > Sunan2(56.61) > Minle(56.46) > Sunan1(52.59) >Menyuan(51.82) > Tianzhu2(51.52) > Datong2(50.53). This order was the same as the CV, so we can conclusion that the variance within population has greatly regularity.(5)There was greatly positive correlation between most of the phenotypic traits. The seed scale length, seed length, 1000 seeds weight, cone length, cone dry weight were thought the most important phenotypic traits which were easy to measured in picea crassifolia kom. .The correlation analysis between the cone and seed traits and the germination percentage showed that seed length, 1000 seeds weight, cone length/cone width and seed length/seed width were the important cone and seed traits which can influence the germination percentage. so this traits were thought the important traits in the early choosen for the seed.(6) The traits varitation of natural populations within Picea crassifolia kom. affected mainly by longtitude in spatial distribution.(7) According to the UPGMA cluster analysis, the 10 populations of the Picea crassifolia kom. could be divided into four groups.This study indicated that there was rich phenotypic variation of phenotypic traits of natural population in Picea crassifolia kom. in QiLian mountain. So this study provide the theoretical references and basic data for the genetic resources conservation and utilization and genetic improvement in Picea crassifolia kom..
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