Research On Pattern Of Returning Land For Farming To Forestry And Grass In Northwest China

Northwest area is located at the west of Daxinanling, and the north of Kunlun Mountain-Aerjin Mountain-Qilian Mountain and the Great Wall, including inner Xinjiang uigur autonomous region, Ningxia autonomous region, Gansu, Qinhai and Shanxi province. The total area is 3.380 million square kilometers, which occupies 41% of the national land; the population is approximately 120 million, which possess 13.4% of the national total population. It is the important ecological barrier of the eastern part of our country, whose ecological environment is also the extremely frail part of our country. Ecological problems of the northwest seriously threaten the development of the eastern part. Returning back cultivation and reviving the forest, this project has the important significance and function to improve the bad ecological environment of the northwest area and support the development of the west part.First of all, this article analyzed the foundation to carry on the policy of returning back cultivation and reviving the forest and gress and introduced the concept, essential factor, structure level as well as the movement mechanism of the project of returning back cultivation and reviving the forest and gress. Next, recounted the historical vicissitude of ecological environment in northwest area, analyzed the present situation of ecological environment of northwest area, and inquired about the causes which led to the depravation of ecological environment in northwest area, all of which was used as the basic starting point to construct the ecological mechanism of northwest area. This involved two aspects, namely the market malfunctions and governmental malfunctions in the ecological and environmental problems. Finally, base on the detailed investigation, collecting the natural environment variation of northwest area and the developmental level of the population, resources, agriculture and rural economics, the construction pattern of vegetation, the environment and technology which the existing artificial vegetation construction depended on, and the existence information of vegetational succession; we systemically summarized the former correlative researchful results, delimited the region that need to return back cultivation and revive the forest, and analyzed the degenerated condition and stage of various ecosystem; Simultaneously according to the investigation of the existing artificial vegetation in northwest area, concluded the experience and pattern of returning back cultivation in northwest area; And in view of existing problems of this project, we separately analyzed and proposed the countermeasure from the construction of related system, consummation of the law, financing, projecting quality and the examination of the benefit.