| There are a lot of profitable genes in Agropyron Gaertn. for improving the qualities, resistance and agronomical traits of wheat. It was an effective method to transfer the profitable genes of Agropyron cristatum. into wheat by inducing chromosome transloctions in wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition lines. In this study, Chinese spring-Ae.cylindryca Host. gametocidal chromosome 2C disomic addition lines was hybridized with wheat-A. cristatum (L.) Beauv. addition linesâ…¡-11-1,â…¡-9-3 and 5038 to induce wheat-Agropyron cristatum. chromosome translocations. The translocation chromosomes were detected and identified by in situ hybridization (ISH) and molecular markers, which established the basement for widen the genetic base of wheat and innovate elite germplasm .The results are as following:1. Investigation on the morphologic traits and seedset rates of F2 plants of the 3 crosses G2C/â…¡-11-1,G2C/â…¡-9-3 and G2C/5038, indicated that the gametocidal chromosome 2C can decrease the seedset rates remarkably. The selfed seedset rates of F2 of the 3 crosses were 23.90%, 17.42% and 35.86%, respectively.2. 60, 32 and 43 plants with the P chromatin were acquired from the F2 of the 3 crossesâ…¡-11-1,â…¡-9-3 and 5038 by SCAR marker screening and the frequencies of plants with P chromatin were 23.2%, 24.2% and 21.7%, respectively. 68, 24 and 29 plants with the P chromatin were acquired from the F2 of the 3 crossesâ…¡-11-1,â…¡-9-3 and 5038 by EST-SSR marker screening and the frequencies of plants with P chromatin were 26.4%, 18.2% and 14.6%, respectively.3. Observation on the PMCs meiosis metaphase of F2 plants with the P chromatin of 2 crosses G2C/â…¡-11-1 and G2C/5038 indicated that there were many kinds of abnormal chromosome events occurred. Multi-univalent, plurivalent, chromosome fragments, chromosomal bridges and tetrads with micronucleus were observed in PMCs meiosis metaphase of F2 of 2 crosses G2C/â…¡-11-1 and G2C/5038, and their percentage in average were 31.67%,8.70%,32.56%,17.7% and 41.84%. Chromosome ring were observed in the PMCs meiosis metaphase of F2 plants of G2C/â…¡-11-1. These abnormal phenomenon indicated that gametocidal chromosome can induce the chromosomal aberrance effectively when it was transferred into diffentrent wheat-A. cristatum (L.) Beauv. addition lines. 4. The P genome DNA of A. cristatum (L.) Beauv. Z559 was used as a probe to detect the F2 plants with the P chromatin by GISH. In crosses G2C/â…¡-11-1, 116 plants were detected, 3 translocation plants and 58 single P fragments addition plants were acquired .In crosses G2C/â…¡-9-3, 76 plants were detected, 6 translocation plants, 4 double P fragments addition plants and 43 single P fragments addition plants were acquired . In crosses G2C/5038, 28 plants were detected, 4 single P addition plants were acquired. The numbers of translocation plants are 9, and the translocation rate is 1.38%.5. Using the P genome DNA of A. cristatum (L.) Beauv. and pSc119.2(or pAs1, pHvG39)as probes to identify the translocation plants by double-colour GISH-FISH. Translocation plants 10-59-3 and 10-59-4 are supposed to be translocation between the P genome of Agropyron Gaertn. and the chromosome 4A of common wheat. Translocation plant 10-93-6 are supposed to be translocation between the P genome of Agropyron Gaertn. and the chromosome 7B of the common wheat. Translocation chromosomes of 10-187-4 and 10-187-6 are translocations between the P genome of Agropyron Gaertn. and the chromosome3B and 7A of the common wheat, respectively.6. Under the field condition, the resistences of the translocation plants to powdery mildew and stripe rust were identified, some F3 translocation plants were immune to the powdery mildew, but most were susceptible to the stripe rust. |
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