| The paper summarized research progress on plant somatic embryogenesis, studied the cultural conditions and influence factors in the process of somatic embryogenesis, mainly put up it's cytologyical observations. Finding out the most suitable conditions for somatic embryo induction, these results provided foundations for the creation artificial seeds, the research results were as follows:1.Effects on different genotypes to induce the somatic embryo were studied, research results indicated that the different genotype had the great different on the induction rates of somatic embryogenesis. Za Jiao Hang Hou was better than Huang Zui Xian.2.The cotyledon and the cotyledon node were the best explants to induce the somatic embryo, the hypocotyls, leaf and ovary couldn't induce somatic embryo. There were direct and indirect paths on somatic embryogenesis, but the indirect path was principle.3.Different influence factors were studied, Using 2,4-D and 6-BA could induce somatic embryogenesis of the cotyledon and the cotyledon. The functions of 6-BA were obviously larger than 2,4-D by DPS software.4.Paraffin-wax sectioning showed that the somatic embryogenesis derived from the embryo cells, expericing the early proembryo, globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo, torpedo-shaped embryo, and Cotyledonary embryo five phases. These processes were similar to zygotic embryo.5. It was mensurated that physiological and biochemical characteristics on callus of different explants of Cucumis melon . The result showed that rule on enzyme actives and soluble protein content ,two peaks was showed in most of them .It was different markedly on physiological and biochemical characteristics on callus of different explants of Cucumis melon , and they were relationship between physiological and biochemical characteristics and species of explants .There were differential proteins on embryogenic callus.
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