| A new wheat line K35 with good agronomic characters, early mature and strong anther culture ability was used for the sdudy on the traits of anther culture and early mature and for the screening of SSR markers related to the anther culture genes.Inheritance of early mature and anther culture trains (including calli rate, plantlet regeneration rate and green plantlet rate) was detected by applying the major gene plus poly-gene model of quantitative traits to a joint analysis of multi-generations (P1, P1, F1, F2). The materials from cross K35×Wesley was used for analysis of early mature and the materials from cross K35×Wesley and K35×pronghorn was used for the analysis of anther culture trains. The wheat Pronghorn and Wesley was used in the crosses as low anther culture ability and later mature parents. The materials form above two crosses was also used for the screening of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers related to the traits of anther culture. The main results are as follows:1. Quantitative genetic analysis of early matureWheat early mature in the cross K35×Wesley was controlled by one major gene plus polygene (the D-0 model). The value of negatively additive effect was larger than that of negatively dominant effect in main gene. But according to the analysis of F1, this trait may be controlled by imperfect dominant genes. Therefore the values of additive effect and diminant effect maybe positive. Heritability values of the major gene in F2 was estimated as 80.82% while those of minor polygene was 0.38%, and the influence of circumstance was 18.8%. The result showed that the effects of main genes on early mature were observed, and the influence of circumstance is also important.2. Quantitative genetic analysis of anther culture abilityOne main genes in cross I, two main genes in crossII, dominated Calli rate. Plantlet regeneration rate and green plantlet rate were dominated by two main genes in two crosses. The value of additive effect is positive, and the diminant effect is negative in main genes, except the plantlet regeneration rate in crossII. In epistasis effects, the jab of plantlet regeneration rate and the jba of green plantlet rate are small in cross I. In cross II, the jba of calli rate is small and the l of plantlet regeneration rate is large whereas the values of all effect of green plantlet rate are average. The d and h of green plantlet rate in cross I and calli rate in cross II are positive in polygenes, and h is larger than d; The d and h of plantlet regeneration rate are negative in cross II, and d is larger than h. The heritability of major gene of calli rate was different in F2, heritability values was estimated as 55.01% in cross I, and 84.54% in cross II, and the other two traits are all more than 90%. It was suggested that the three traits of wheat anther culture were effect by both main genes and minor genes and the main genes played a principal role. Calli rate can be regarded as an important index evaluating anther culture ability of wheat.3. Study on location of anther culture genesThe parents and DNA pools of F2 plants with low and high ability of anther culture were screened for polymorphism with 200 SSR markers. Of those, 7 were polymorphic between the parents and the pools. These 7 SSR markers are:Xgwm186, Xgwm325, Xgwm259, Xgwm264, Xgwm429和Xwmc25, Xwmc264.These seven markers were used to detect F2 of K35×Wesley and analyse the loci of genes correlated with three anther culture traits. The result shows that four markers (Xgwm429, Xwmc25, Xgwm264 and Xgwm259) linked tigely, and doesn't deteted genes correlated with callus per 100 anthe and green plantlets per 100 anther, link with gene correlated with green plantlets per 100 callus, and detet one major gene. Xgwm429, Xwmc25, Xgwm264 and Xgwm259 tighly linked to this gene. With the bio-software Map Manager QTX, the result indicated that the gene related to green plantlets per 100 callus was located in the arm of 2BS and the genetic distance between Xwmc25 and the gene was 9.9 cM, Xgwm429 was 12 cM, Xgwm259 was 38.7 cM, Xgwm264 was 44.5 cM, the value of additive effect is 44.8, explained over 37.2% of the phenotypic variation for green plantlets per 100 callus, and Xgwm259 maybe has location in the arm of 2B.
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