| In this paper, the calli from the leaf and petile of Betula platyphylla, were treated with 60Coγrays and EMS(Ethyl Methane Sulfonate),then we investigated the differentiation rates ofcalli,the rooting rates of advertitions shoots from calli.At last,clrormesome number vaniationrates were checked and the AFLP polymorphism of genome DNA of the regenerated plantletsfrom callus was also performed.The results were as follows:1.Dealt with gamma rays and EMS the growth of callus was restricted and the differentialrate deduced greatly. LD50 dose of 60Co gamma on mutagenic callus was 20Gy, whosedifferentiation rate is 53.2%.2. Mutagenesis on the callus of petiole with EMS resulted in the following data: TheLD50(50% decrease of regeneration) ware 0.3% with 5h, 0.5% with 4h, 0.7% with 3h, 1.0%with 1h; the doses of fatalness are 0.7%with 4.5h, 1.0% with 2h. Mutagenesis on the callus ofleaf with EMS resulted in the following different data: The LD50 were 0.3% with 6h, 0.5%with 5h, 0.7% with 2h, 1.0% with lh; the doses of fatalness were 0.7%with 4h, 1.0% with 3h.3. The mutation rate of the plantlets treated with 60Coγrays was over 80.68%, while thatof the ones from axillary bud proliferation was only 31.5%. Among the cells treated with EMSmutant, the proportion of aneuploid increased obviously higher than that in the non-mutagenicone, while the proportion of diploid decreased greatly.4. The radiation dose was in the positive correlation to the genetic distance whichincreased from 0.293 with the minimum 10Gy to 0.428 with 25Gy. The styles differed fromone after another with different chemical mutagenesis on callus, that was, compared with cellsof petiole callus, the ones of leaf callus had less aneuploid but a little more haploid, diploid andhyper diploid.5. The dose within the range of 10 Gy to 20 Gy was in negative correlation with thelength and rooting rate.6. The technology of radiation mutagenesis on Betula platyphylla callus was primarilyestablishment.
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