| The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary linseed (rich in n-3 PUFA) on expression of the inflammation related genes, and on growth performance of growing-finishing barrows. Twenty-four Landrace×Yorkshire barrows weighing 35±3.7 kg were randomly assigned to four treatment with six replications per treatment. The inclusion of linseed in diets was initiated at various periods and fed until slaughter. Treatment groups included a control diet (T1) and linseed supplementation at 10% of the diet for the last 30, 60, and 90 d before slaughter (T2, T3, and T4, respectively). Growth, mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ, (PPARγ), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a) and serum concentrations of proflammatory cytokines data were collected and analyzed. The results as follows:1. With the exception of no difference in ADFI (P＞0.05) among the 4 treatments, ADG (P＜0.05) and G: F (P＜0.01) responded quadratically by linseed, over the entire trial with pigs of T3 having the greatest ADG and G: F.2. The expression of PPARγ, in spleen increased (P＜0.01) linearly with increasing time while fed linseed, and increased quadratically in muscle, while the expression of PPARγ, in adipose tissue were not affected (P＞0.095) by linseed.3. Increasing the duration of linseed addition quadratically decreased IL-1βexpression in spleen (P＜0.01) and adipose (P＜0.01), while the expression of IL-1βtend to decreased (P＜0.01) linearly in muscle; The expression of IL-6 and TNF-a in spleen (P＜0.01), muscle (P＜0.01) and adipose (P＜0.01) decreased linearly with increasing time while fed linseed, respectively.4. Serum concentration of TNF-a decreased (P＜0.01) linearly with increasing time while fed linseed. While the concentration of IL-1βand IL-6 in serum were not affected (P＞0.05) by linseed.5. There were significantly linear negative correlations between expression of PPARγand proinflammatory cytokines both in spleen (R~2=0.69, P＜0.001) and in muscle (R~2=0.63, P＜0.01), but not in adipose tissue (IL-6: R~2=0.30, P=0.166; TNF-a: R~2=0.32, P=0.138), only significantly linear negative correlation between PPARγand IL-1βexpression were found in adipose tissue (R~2=0.54, P=0.007).Significantly linear negative correlations were found between splenic PPARγexpression and serum TNF-a concentration (R~2=0.59, P＜0.01), but this linear negative correlation was not significant between splenic PPARγexpression and serum IL-1β(R~2=0.15, P=0.52) and IL-6 (R~2=0.25, P=0.28) concentration, respectively. In adipose, no significant linear negative correlations were found between PPARγexpression and serum proinflammatory cytokines concentration (IL-1β: R~2=0.15, P=0.52; IL-6: R~2=0.18, P=0.44 and TNF-a: R~2=0.33, P=0.16). In muscle, the linear correlations between PPARγexpression and serum proinflammatory cytokines concentration was similar to spleen: significantly linear negative correlations were found between PPARγexpression and serum TNF-a concentration (R~2=0.52, P=0.02), but this linear negative correlation was not significant between PPARγand IL-1β(R~2=0.12, P=0.62) or IL-6 (R~2=0.33, P=0.16).There were statistically significant quadratic relation between muscular PPARγ(P＜0.05) or splenic TNF-a (P＜0.05) expression and ADG.These data indicated that 1) Increasing the duration of dietary n-3 PUFA addition may downregulate the expression of infammation related genes, and subsequently stimulate growth in growing-finishing barrows, furthermore, the growth-stimulation properties of n-3 PUFA are mediated, at least in part, through a PPARγ-dependent mechanism, which led to a linear decrease of the proinflammatory cytokines gene expression. 2) Compare with serum concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, the response of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-a mRNA expression in spleen, muscle and adipose was more sensitive to dietary n-3 PUFA. |
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