Study Of The Influence Of Main Environment Factors On The Quality Of Tribulus Terrestri L.

The secondary metabolism of plant is the result of the mutually affect of plants and environment in the long-term evolution, and the production and distribution of metabolites display obvious specificities in region,kind, organ, tissue and breeding time. Compared with the primary metabolism, the secondary metabolism has stronger relevancy and correspondence with environment. Moreover, the change of environment can directly affect the species and quantity of secondary metabolism, even only in the specific environment can it synthesize specific secondary metabolites. So any kind of ecological factor in the nature can have the possibility to affect the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites in the plants. As it is difficult to synthesize secondary metabolites, the main way to get these products is still the artificial cultivation at present. So definitude the influence and influence extent of each environment factor in the synthesis and accumulation of plant secondary metabolism is the key to assure the quality of artificial cultivation. Nowadays the research showed that it is difficult to maintain higher output with splendid quality coincidentally of the medicinal plant cultivation which has the goal of increasing secondary metabolites, which means that we must sacrifice some parts of output if we want to keep the high quality. So definituding the function and function extent of each environment factor, then carting on artificial regulation, and balancing the contradiction between quality and output is one of the keys and difficulties of cultivating medicinal plants.Tribulus terrestri L. is one of the earliest applied traditional Chinese medicines curing cerebrovascular disease, making body healthier, anti-aging, dropping blood sugar etc. It mainly distributes in areas north to the Changjiang River of our country, and been discovered from the saline alkali land in the west of Jilin to arid sandy areas in Shihezi region of Xinjiang ,which have a lot of disparity in the precipitation, earthiness, soil nutrients and so on. So, according to the theory of geographical herbal of Chinese traditional medicine, the thesis chiefly discussed the influence of ecological factor on secondary metabolism of Tribulus terrestris L..The first part had the filtration of extracting technology and processing, ways, and the optimum technology of processing and extracting was determined: microwave extraction after yin heavenly terms or oven dry at 70℃, and the optimal conditions was 70% alcohol, rations of material to solvent 1:30, 50 min extraction after 20 min placement. Combined with the discuss the dynamic accumulation of main secondary metabolites detecting the content of gross flavonoids, gross saponins, alcohol abstraction and ashes, and concluding the ideal recovery time is the last ten-day of August confirmed by the four indicator.The uniform precondition was determined by the above experiments, and then, the thesis chiefly discussed the influence of ecological factor on secondary metabolism of Tribulus terrestris L. The second part compared the content of secondary metabolites in three different habitats: a field planted corn once (named field), a abandoned planted sandlot of modest sediment concentration(named sandlot), a non-planted sandlot (named wild land).The result indicated that the content of secondary metabolites in wild land was less, with more fluctuation, and making against the quality controlling. Relatively, the content of secondary metabolites in field and sandlot were higher, more steadily, and had advantage of realizing the stability of active ingredient content and curative effect in drug.The third part compared the content difference of secondary metabolism of Tribulus terrestris L. from several typical producing areas such as Henan, Shanxi, Neimenggu, Taonan, Changchun. The result indicated that except for the herb from Henan with lower content, poor quality and possibility of unstable curative effect, the herb from other producing areas could be used as the origin of the crude drug. According to regression analysis and path coefficient analysis, the interaction of sunlight in June and organic matter content, the hoist of sunlight and air temperature in September could cause adverse impact to gross flavonoids and gross saponins respectively.The forth part discussed the influence of fertilizer on main secondary metabolism of Tribulus terrestris L., including inorganic fertilizer experiment and farmyard manure experiment. It indicated that the comprehensive benefit of inorganic fertilizer had remarkable correlation with nitrogenous fertilizer. And it had no significant difference among the types of farmyard manure, but the content of secondary metabolites in the swine waste treatment was the highest, and its appropriate amount of dispensation could be the 667 kg/acreage or 334 kg/acreage.The fifth part discussed the influence of moisture on the contents of main secondary metabolism of Tribulus terrestris L. by the way of simulating irrigation. The experiment involved artificial irrigation at four levels of 150mm, 250mm, 350mm, 450mm, simulating the precipitation of drought region, semiarid region and semiarid wetness respectively, and studing the influence of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, activity of SOD, activity of POD, activity of CAT, content of MDA, conductivity, grain yield, the content of gross flavonoids and gross saponins under different irrigation, then analyzed the data by stepwise multivariate analysis. The result indicated that: water requirement of Tribulus terrestri L. was different in different growth phase, and the comprehensive benefit could both be influenced by overtop or low-grade irrigation.