Detection Of Normal Microbial Flora In Cattle's Mammary Gland

The study was carried out with the method of diluting and dripping to make qualitative and quantitative detection on 10 kinds of normal microbial flora from 30 cattle'mammary gland. The sort and quantity of the normal microbial flora in each part of cattle' mammary gland was determined and the distributive condition of each normal microbial flora in four parts of cattle's mammary gland was analyzed.Since the 20th century 60's, there had many reports about the normal microbial flora in the digestive channel, birth channel, respiratory channel and other natural channels of mammal, but there was not the experiment about normal microbial flora in mammal' mammary gland.The female cattle which had been fed the offspring by breast were chosen. Through the examinations to the cattle's appearance, breast and milk, healthy mammary gland of healthy cattle was defined. Only the healthy mammary gland of healthy cattle can used to be detected.The sample was collected from four parts(Alveoli, Collecting duct, Gland cistern and Teat) of the cattle's mammary gland by germfree method. The sample was cultured on the nonselective and selective bacteria medium in the environment which had oxygen or without oxygen. Ten main kinds of normal microbial flora such as Eubacterium, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia, Enterococcus, Bacteriodes, Clostridium and Corynebacterium were detectedThe characteristic of the colony which grow on medium was observed. The typical colony was picked to test under microscope. Biochemistry experiment was done on the purified bacteria if it was necessary. The biochemistry experiment include nitrate reduction test; gelatin liquefaction test; indole test; H₂S generation test; catalase test; urea enzyme test; esculin hydrolyze test; glucose, lactose, cane sugar fermentation test. The normal microbial flora was identified by the characteristic above all.The results showed that 6 kinds of normal microbial flora was isolated, they were Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium and Escherichia. The quantity of Corynebacterium was most in the part of gland cistern, which equally contains 680 CFU/ml in 0.1ml sample, it was least in alveoli, in the 0.1 ml sample equally contains 203 CFU/ml; the quantity of Lactobacillus was also most in the gland cistern, whichequally contains 882 CFU/ml in 0.1ml sample, it was also least in alveoli, which equally contains 117 CFU/ml in 0.1ml sample; Staphylococcus was most in teat, which equally contains 372 CFU/ml in 0.1ml sample, it was least in alveoli, which equally contains 36 CFU/ml in 0.1ml sample; Bacillus was most teat, which equally contains 423 CFU/ml in 0.1ml sample, it had not separated in alveoli; Bifidobacterium was most in collecting duct, which equally contains 203 CFU/ml in 0.1ml sample, it was least in the teat, which equally contains 22 CFU/ml in 0.1ml sample; Escherichia was Only separated in one cattle' teat, which only contains120 CFU/ml in 0.1mlsample. The quantity of normal microbial flora in cattle's mammary gland was much less than which in other channel systems of animal.The dominant microbial flora was Corynebacterium and Lactobacillus in cattle's mammary gland; in the part of teat were Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus; in the part of gland cistern, collecting duct and alveoli was all Corynebacterium and Lactobacillus.The result showed that the sort of the microbial flora in each quarter of same cattle's mammary gland was identical; the quantity of it was not different by statistics analysis.The distributive condition of each normal microbial flora in the four parts of cattle's mammary gland was that both the quantity of Corynebacterium and Lactobacillus was most in the part of gland cistern, in other three parts was collecting duct, teat and alveoli by turns. Both of the quantity of Bacillus and Staphylococcus was most in the part of teat, the quantity of Bacillus in the part of collecting duct and gland cistern was less than which in teat, it was not isolated in the part of alveoli. The quantity of Staphylococcus in other three parts was collecting duct, gland cistern and alveoli by turns. Bifidobacterium was most in collecting duct, then gland cistern, alveoli and teat followed.The distributive condition of the normal microbial flora in cattle's mammary gland is similar to other systems that one side of it is hermetic. Like genital system and respiratory system. The position is deeper and the microbial flora is less. It's presumed that there was no germ in cattle's mammary gland before it first feed the offspring. Negative pressure role and abundant nourishment is brought about, when it begins to feed the offspring, at the same time good conditions is supplied for the normal microbial flora to live. The part of alveoli should have no microbial flora or the quantity of it is least. The result may be influenced by the phenomenon of accumulation or reflux brought about by the milk. Another characteristic of the normal microbial flora in cattle's mammary gland is that the quantity in it is much less than which in other systems. It is not an astronomical figure. It is much less than other systems. This test can supply some materials to the research of microecology about cattle' mammary gland, it have the meanings in physiology and pathology.