Basic Physiological And Biochemical Research Of N And K Nutrition Effecting On The Secondary Metabolism Of Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum Morifolium

Based on the reviews of plant nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) nutrition, the pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen and potassium nutrition on production, nitrogen and carbon metabolism, as well as the secondary metabolism process of medicine ingredients of Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum rnorifoliurn, with N and K applied in the yellow-brown acid soil collected from Shizishan, Wuchang, Hubei Province. And the results are as follows:1 The application of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yields of Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum morifolium, but the production would decrease when N was over-applied.2 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in plant leaves decreased with the elevated application rate of nitrogen fertilizer. PAL activity in various parts leaves represented similar changes trend with time in different N fertilization treatment which arrived at peak value at budding period. K application had no significant influence on PAL activity in plant leaves.3 For upper leaves, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity had been greatly influenced by N application which represented that GS activity decreased with elevated N application rates. For bottom leaves, GS activity was highest in the low N application, while there was no significant different between mid and high N application. K application had no significant influence on GS activity in plant leaves.4 The protein content was improved with the increase of nitrogen application rates. In the whole life, the protein concentration increased with plant growth, and increased peak value at the budding stage, then decreased. For the same parts leaves, protein contents was lower when low N application, while higher when mid and high N application which indicated that nitrogen application can increase the protein content significantly. Compared with low K application, appropriate K application could significantly improve the protein content in leaves in the whole life. The protein content in leaves showed obvious seasonal changes which decreased after the budding time. And after flowering, the protein content represented different changing trends between up and bottom leave. It was concluded that K application had affected greatly in the budding time.5 N application had different effect on chlorophyll content in upper and bottom leaves. For upper leaves, N application significantly enhanced the chlorophyll contents in leaves, so the chlorophyll content was highest in the whole life when high N application. The chlorophyll content reached peak value at budding time in all N treatments. For bottom leaves, the chlorophyll contents decreased before flowering, then increased after flowing when mid and high N application; which may be the accumulation of carbohydrate in leaves after flowing. K application could decrease; before flowering and increase after flowering chlorophyll content in upper leaves, while had no effect on the chlorophyll content in bottom leaves.6 The impact of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on the content of soluble sugars was not significant before the budding time, while was different in florescence and at the end of life of different application rates. The changing trends of soluble sugars content in leaves represented as: soluble sugars content increased before the panicle initiation (PI) time, then decreased from PI to budding, accumulated in leaves again after blossoming out.7 Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was affected significantly by the fertilizer application in upper leaves. The activity was decreased with the increase of nitrogen appllication, but the variation was steady. The enzyme activity in the upper leaves was higher than those of bottom. The enzyme activity in high N application was the lowest, and there was no significantly variation between middle N and low N application rates in bottom leaves. The potassium application did not significantly affect on the PPO activity.8 4-Coumarate: CoA ligases (4-CL) activity decreased with the increase of N application in upper leaves, but the variation was not significantly between low N and middle N application. The three treatments had the same variation in upper leaves in the whole life, and it was the lowest in budding time; the variation was same in both middle and high N application rates, and the middle N application was higher than high N application. Potassium application improved the enzyme activity significantly, but the variation was not same in upper and bottom leaves, and it was opposite before flowering time when it was identical in budding time.9 The concentration of flavones in upper leaves was decreased with the increase of N. In three treatments, low N application had the highest concentration of flavones, and it had significant difference with middle and high N application which had peak concentrations in panicle initiation stage. The flavones content in no K supplied treatment was higher than the siutable K supplied treatment before budding time in upper leaves, but it was opposite after budding time; it was different in bottom leaves, both treatment was same in budding time, it was improved with the application of K supplied and in the other period of life.10 The chlorogenic acid content in leaves decreased with the increase of nitrogen application which was seemed with flavones in leaves and the content in upper leaves was higher than bottom. The chlorogenic acid was also affected by the K application rates, and the content decreased significantly if there was no K supply.11 Nitrogen concentration in leaves increased with the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer and decreased in the whole life. The N content in upper leaves was higher than bottom.