Effects Of Straw Incorporation In Wheat-maize Cropping System By Farm Mechanization

The experiments were taken from 2004 to 2006 in order to mainly studied the effects of 3 treatments that were no-tillage& mulch( I ) , plow-tillage(III) and rotary-tillage(IV) total returning of wheat and maize straw under of the application of the farm mechanization on soil water, soil bulk density, temperature, property, the growth and development, leaves physiological traits and yields of wheat zhengmai-9023 & maize zhengdan-958,analyzed the economic and ecological of different tillages with contrast to the traditional-tillage( II). The main results are as follows:1.The straw returning could obviously and greater obviously improve the soil water during the most stages of wheat and the whole stages of maize. Different ways of straw returning lead to different results of the soil moisture, the results of soil moisture which from higher to lower showed IV > I >III during the whole stages of the wheat &maize. Moreover, the mainly effects of straw returning on the soil moisture is the 0-20cm soil layer, and then is the 40-60cm,60-80cm soil layers.2 The straw returning changes the soil bulk density during the whole stages of the wheat & maize, the I treatment obvious and evidently obvious increased the soil bulk density, but the IH and IV treatment decrease the soil bulk density during the later stages of the wheat and maize only. Moreover , its mainly effect on the 0-10cm and 10-20cm soil cultural layers.3 The effects of I treatment on soil temperature showed reduce. III and IV treatments' soil temperature of layers would drop when the air temperature was high and would raise when the air temperature was low during the stages of the wheat and maize. The effects of straw returning on the head of crop temperature and the soil surface temperature showed slowly when the temperature was raise and quickly when the temperature was down during the wheat stages; on the contrary, it would be showed quickly when the temperature was raise and slowly when the temperature was down.4 The straw returning could enhanced the nutrients in the 0-10cm and 10-20cm soil layers during the stages of the wheat & the maize, such as the soil organic matter,fasten P and so on.5 The treatment of straw returning could raise the Pn (net photosynthetic rate),Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm value, down the qP (photochemical quenching coefficient) value, and improve the efficiency of photosystem II. At the same time , it can increase the leaf and index , the results showed I > IV >III.6 Compared with the traditional tillage , the straw returning could increase the water use efficiency; the result show IV > I >III, increase1.43,1.34,0.33 percents with contrast to the traditional tillage, respectively .At the same time , it could enhance the grain yield and economical value ,the result showed that the treatments of IV,I,III win more money 1935.35 yuan·hm^-2,1143.63 yuan·hm^-2,548.14 yuan·hm^-2 with contast to the traditional tillage ,respectively.