Studies On Rapid Clonal Propagation And Biochemical And Physiological Traits Of Of Impatiens Balsamina Induced By Space Flight

The spatial environment we mentioned means the outside atmospheric space away from earth's surface more 1000 km, which completely different from the earth surface environment. Its special environment mainly includes: microgravity, ionization radiation, sub-magnetic field, supernal vacuum, highly cleaned micro-environment in spacecraft and so on. The important factors of spatial environment and organism are the microgravity, ionization radiation and sub-magnetic field. Microgravity has very obvious influence on the plant gravitropism and distribution and content and ingredient of plant cell. Several kinds of principal constituents of ionization radiation, like proton, high energy heavy ion, because of their structure characteristic, when they act on the materials, the target member DNA chemistry damage of the biological cell also has its characteristic. The space mutation breeding called astronautics breeding or the out airspace breeding, means to use the back-type satellite or the upper air balloon along with the crops seed to fly to space environment and the seeds would be changed in the special environment. For example it would arose the organism chromosomes aberration and then the organism hereditary change, and then the breeds would be selectively used as the new idioplasmic or the new material after the ground planted. Our material came from mutants of Impatiens balsamina obtained by space-flight inducement. These materials run around the earth 105 circles with the Shenzhou IV unmanned spacecraft. After cultivation for a period of time, the preliminary research indicated that its chromosome has a large-scale variation. Our studies aim to provide some information to explain the reason of mutation through some biochemical and physiological studies. We chose one of the mutants induced by space flight whose flowers are pleiopetalous and the flower colors varies from red to pink for this study. The shape of mutant flower is like the camellia different from the wild Impatiens balsamina. All these characters enhanced its ornamental value. The fertility of Impatiens balsamina mutant is hampered and the flower character changes after seed propagation. In order to keep its distinct flower character and do further studies, a rapid and effective somatic-clone-protocol is needed.An efficient method was established for rapid in vitro propagation of Impatiens balsamina mosaic flower mutant induced by space flight using stems with lateral buds as explants. The results showed that stems (83.3%) with lateral buds cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing macroelements at 1/2 concentration, the microelements and vitamins at full concentration, supplemented with KT (kinetin ) 1.0 mg l^-1 and NAA (a-naphthalene acetic acid) 0.01 mg l^-1 could directly generate regenerated young plantlets within 2 weeks and grew well and quickly. After 30-day culture, these stems grew into plantlets in the same medium and could be transplanted to garden soil. By this method, the Impatiens balsamina mutant can be propagated rapidly. Calli of Impatiens balsamina mutant initiated from stems and leaves were easily. Both stems and leafs could induce callus with high frequency (almost 100%, data not shown) on MS medium supplemented with BA 2.0 mg l^-1 and NAA 0.2 mg l^-1. The subcultured calli transferred to different media to test the effects of BA, KT, NAA and 2, 4-D on adventitious bud formation. Adventitious bud induction media was MS supplemented with 0.5-4.0 mg l^-1 BA or 0.5-2.0 mg l^-1 KT and 0.01-0.4 mg l^-1 NAA or 0.01-0.4 mg l^-1 2,4-D. All the pieces of callus enlarged as the time passed by and none of adventitious bud induction media initiated buds. Relationships between endogenous hormonal levels and exogenous hormones for dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of callus and bud development of Impatiens balsamina need further studies.The results of biochemical and physiological traits of Impatiens balsamina induced by space flight indicated that, the mutation and the control plant have the very big differences in the growth and the physiological metabolisms. The content of chlorophyll a and b and caroteroid of the mutations were higher than that of the control plant. The isozymes analysis showed that there were some differences in different stage of the mutation and the CK plant of POD, CAT, SOD isozymes. Comparing to CK plants, there were some differences in the enzyme pattern of POD, and SOD. Some pattern was disappeared, some bands was new. The three kinds of POD, SOD, CAT isozymes were respectively different in different stages from the nutrition period to the blossom period.So we conclude that compared with the control plant, physiological metabolism of the mutants has the very big change under the space complex environmental condition. Even the same materials, its physiological metabolism level also has the very big difference under the space environment. We need do further researches to explain the reason of the space mutation.