Termites Trap And Cuticular Hydrocarbons Analysis In Plant Quarantine

This dissertation studied developing trap and taxonomy of termite by analyzing cuticular hydrocarbons, and its application in plant quarantine. The behavioral responses of termite to different concentrations of several new baits, sugarcane powder, pine pollen, vanillic acid, citral, blackfungns powder and whitefungus powder, were studied in "Y" type olfactometer. Several baits screened were mixed and their effects were tested in timber quarantine. Effects of temperature, moisture time and setup of trap on number of termite trapped were studied. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to identify the cuticular hydrocarbons of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. The differences of the termite cuticular hydrocarbons components and quantity in different famlila, genus and species were studied, and the application of cuticular hydrocarbons analysis in classification of alien termite combining with the morphological characteristics was discussed.The behavior responses of two termites species to several substances of different concentrations were studied by using the "Y" olfactometer. The results showed that Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were significantly attracted to 0.1μL/mL Citral, 10μg/mL vanillic acid and powder of blackfungus. 10μL/mL Citral was distasteful to Coptotermes formosanus. Coptotermes curvignathus was significantly attracted to 1μL/mL Citral and agaric powder. Citral, Vanillic acid, sugarcane powder, pine pollen and powder of blackfungus all elicited electroantennal responses in FAG test.The results showed that termites were significantly attracted to TB03 and TB04 in rollway and container from Africa, Oceania, America and Southeast Asia. The most suitable environment temperature for trapping was from 25 to 30℃, and the high humidity is suitable for trapping termites. The trap should set for more than 24 hours, and the orifice should set above the termite ant channel.The cuticular hydrocarbon extracted from termites by Solid-phase microextraction and hexane was analyzed by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Headspace SPME was evaluated and compared to the hexane extraction method. Variables, such as temperature, time and the type of SPME fiber were evaluated. The results of the GC-MS analyses of headspace SPME of these cuticular hydrocarbon solid samples were much better than those obtained with hexane extraction of cuticular hydrocarbon from 20 termites followed by either headspace SPME or direct injection due to higher absorption efficiency. The simplicity of this technique renders a very suitable method for research on the cuticular hydrocarbon.The analysis results of the termite cuticular hydrocarbons of different famlila and genus showed that there was discrepancy in the cuticular hydrocarbons components and quantity of these six kinds of termites: Coptotermes currigbathus, Microcerotermes biroi, Hospitalitermes jepsoni, Macrotermes subhyalinus, Neotermes Santae-crucis, Crytotermes domesticus which belongs to Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae and Kalotermitidae, respectively. The denfrogram which is drawn up by the value of the smallest distance coefficient gained by UPGMA cluster analysis indicated clearly that the relative relationship between M. biroi and M. subhyalinus is rather close, and same situation happened to N. Santae-crucis and Crytotermes domesticus. It was as same as the result got by morphological observation.The analysis of the termite cuticular hydrocarbons of different species showed that there was a discrepancy in the cuticular hydrocarbons components and quantity of eleven species. The denfrogram which is drawn up by the value of the smallest distance coefficient gained by UPGMA cluster analysis makes it clear that the relative relationship of 9 Coptotermes species is rather close, and so it is in Neotermes.The analysis of the termite cuticular hydrocarbons of the same specie from different areas shows that the components of the termite cuticular hydrocarbons of the same specie are stable. It proves that the analysis method of cuticular hydrocarbons is reliable to some degree.The experiment showed that classification based on the features on the components and quantity of termite cuticular hydrocarbons has certain reference value. It can be regarded as an important method in identification of alien termite specie that could not be determined by morphological characteristics.