| The external morphology and microstructure of the compound eye under light and dark adaptation of the dominant predatory enemies Solenopsis invicta Buren in agriculture ecosystems and Public safety were investigated by means of scanning electron microdcope (SEM) and histological method. The main results were as follows:1. External morphology of the compound eye of red imported fire ant: (1) The worker compound eye is round, smaller, on both sides of the central has only about 110 ommatidia and it is a outward slightly convex circular. The female alates compound eye is long ellipse and composed of approximate 510 ommatidia, located in the head on both sides of the central, obvious outward uplift. The male alates compound eye is similar to a hemisphere, occupy both sides of its head, the number of the ommatidium is more than 805. Compound eye shape, location and number of small eyes and field of view, depending on sensitivity, and so on, the red fire ants form a compound eye of the obvious gender, grade differences. (2) In all grands of the ants, the shape of ommatidia is differ greatly in different regions of the compound eye: the shapes of ommatidia in the central region are pentagon or hexagon and more rules, and very close, the shapes of ommatidia in the rim change dramatically, as an irregular quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon, and no close, the spacing between the individual ommitidium is very big. The ommatidium area of worker, male and female ants were about 500μm~2,360μm~2 and 348.61μm~2 respectively, in the same grand the area of different ommatidium has big change. The size of small eyes, and are often regional differences depending on its sensitivity, the host location, such as navigation or closely related. Red fire ants on the eye shape, size, and regional differences are more pronounced gender, grade differences, some of that male, female ants vision more developed. (3) There are some sensilla between the ommatidia which near dorsal area in the compound eye of male alates and female alates. That the length of sensilla in female alates is that 17.5μm to 90.2μm, diameter is 2.16μm to 4.29μm, that male alates sensilla length is that 17.5μm to 27.9μm, diameter is 1.41μm to 2.52μm. It is not clear that the sensilla whether have a role of visual or flight speed. 2. Internal fine structure of the compound eye of red imported fire ants: Each ommatidium consisted of a cornea, a crystalline cone, eight to nine retinula cells, and a basal cell, the type of the compound eye is typical apposition eye. In addition, the surrounding of the crystalline cone and the retinular pigment cells contained abundant pigment granules.3. Dark and light adaptation of the fine structure of the compound eye: the state of dark adaptation had significant effect on the small state of the eye pigment particles and distribution of crystal cone shape, being no significant gender differences. Dark adaptation, the primary pigment cells along the horizontal grain to the heart Mobile Cone, Cone closely around the grain around, and that when the pigment particles to horizontal proliferation of heart far, far from the crystalline cone. Compared with the adaptation, in the dark adaptation, crystal clear growth cone length of 1.90μm, the top diameter clear growth 0.20μm, the bottom diameter clear growth 0.50μm. In the same states, its male and female adult compound eye pigment granules distribution and crystalline cone change no obvious difference.This study found the compound eye of alates ants are more developed, the compound eye is like a typical tied, the dimming mechanism mainly by the change of crystal cone and the movement of pigment cells, it provides some basis to further study photographic mechanism of the photoreceptor cell and visual behavior of the red imported fire ant. |
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