Primary Study On Rhizome And Leaf Growing Characteristics And Controlling Techniques Of Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn

Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)is a perennial hydrophytic herbage plant of candock subject. It is one of the most archaic dicotyledon and it also has many monocotyledon's characters. Lotus root originates from India and China,which is planted over China , Japan and other Southeast Asian countries and regions. Fresh lotus root, powder of lotus root and seeds of lotus, which are considered as good tonic foodstuffs. They contain a large amount of starch,protein,multivitamin and mineral nutritions and they are thought as excellent characteristic vegetables and fine non-staple foodstuffs in China and they are also good for the nutritional health care. Recently,with the continual adjusting the structure of plant production in China country and the rapid development of lotus root products, we make more and more profits from the export and lotus root has become one of the most important vegetables.Lotus leaf is useful, besides can be used as primary packaging material, it can also be used as feeding stuff to livestocks. Lotus leaf is useful for medicine too, the medical science has been proved that there is much flavone and alkaloid in the lotus leaf, and it has the function losing weight and slowing down blood fat and blood pressure, attracted people more and more. Now, newly lotus leaf product, such as, lotus leaf distilling matter, lotus leaf tea and lotus leaf drinking are in the market. We can foresee that with the development of economics, demand to lotus leaf will more and more. But now there is no special variety for leaves, so this experiment collect some lotus varieties, study on lotus leaf growing charactis, choose out more leaf variety resource, search for the impact of using method, such as cut off top's bud, nitrogenous fertilizer, to controlling lotus leaf growth and impact of lotus rhizome yield and quality after pick off leaves. Ther're have great theory and practice sense that develop new leaf special variety breeding and guidance leaf special variety production and using techniques of picking off leaves. The results are as following: 1.Used 11 widely planted lotus varieties in the production as experiment material , studied the growth character of lotus leaf among different variety, the results showed that: Y0503 has the most leaves and the highest weight of total dry leaves, E lian No.1 has the biggest longitudinal size,latitudinal size,fresh weight and dry weight, Mei ren hong's dry matter content is highest.2. Used 5 widely planted varieties in the production, studied the change of amount of lotus leaf, lotus root amount ,lotus yield, per lotus root's weight ,and the content of sucrose, total soluble sugar, total amylum, amylose amylopectin after cut off lotus whip's bud. The results showed: after cut off lotus whip's bud, the amount of leaves, the amount of lotus rhizome yield was increased, average weight of bigger lotus root was descended, average weight of smaller lotus root was increased. The content of sucrose total soluble sugar, total amylum and amylopectin was increased, the ratio of amylopectin to amylose got bigger, amylose content decreased.3. The influence between rhizome yield and character after pick off leaves were studied. The results showed: when the ratio of leaves picked off was 20% and 40% at October 5, yield of lotus rhizome rised, and others treatments decreased. Lotus rhizome's sucrose, total soluble sugar, total amylum, amylopectin content were decreased after picked off leaves, the ratio of amylopectin content to amylase content increased. When picked off leaves at August 5 and Augest 25, lotus rhizome amylum's peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity decreased, cool viscosity and setback rised, when picked off leaves at September 15 and October 5, peak viscosity and breakdown rised, cool viscosity and setback declined.4. Researched the influence among the yield, character, and lotus leaf growth with fertilizing Urea in different period, the results showed: when fertilizing at the same day,with the amount of Urea increaser, the amount of leaves increased too. Y0503 has more leaves when fertilizing at July 20, but Mei ren hong and Suzhou hua ou have no clear influence.with the different fertilizing date. The 3 variety lotus rhizome yield were all the highest when fertilizing at July.20, with the amount of Urea 40kg/667m~2, the lowest when fertilizing at June.20, with the amount of Urea 60kg/667m~2.Lotus rhizome's content of total soluble sugar, total amylum, amylopectin, the ratio of amylopectin content to amylose content were the highest when fertilizing at July.20, with the amount of Urea 60kg/667m~2, sucrose content was the highest when fertilizing at June.20, with the amount of Urea 60kg/667m~2. When fertilizing at June 20, with the amount of Urea increased, lotus rhizome amylum's peak viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown, cool viscosity treatments were declined; when fertilizing at July 20, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown were the highest with the amount of Urea 60kg/667m~2, and cool viscosity was the lowest with the amount of Urea 20kg/667m~2.