The Effects Of The Climate Change On The Main Grain Crop In The Huang-Huai-hai Plain

Our country is an agricultural country, and the food problem is always a main problem of national prosperity. By studying the relation between climate and climate change and grain crops, and making an objective appraisal climate and climate change effects on food crops, we can fond out methods of the rational utilization of climate resources, and then we can obtain more and more benefits.This paper has studied the core content that the climate change in the last 40 years of the last century had affected the main grain crop in the Huartg-Huai-Hai Plain—winter wheat by the crop growth model. The main conclusions are as follows:1. The climate change trend in the winter wheat growth season in the research time was that the air temperature continued increasing, the sunshine time continued decreasing, the precipitation existed phase change—precipitation having sharp declined in 1970s and continued to increase slowly during the 1980s and 1990s. This climate change effects on the wheat yield were more harm than good.2. The climate changes of the study region had a little affected the winter wheat phonological periods (anthesis and maturity) and the growth duration, about one day. At temperatures increase and sunshine hours decrease working together, two phonological periods and the growth duration of winter wheat had existed phase change: two phonological periods first were ahead and the growth duration were shorten, following two phonological periods postponing and the growth duration extended, and then two phonological periods slightly earlier and slightly the growth duration shorter.3. The climate change in the last 40 years of the last century had done harm to the winter wheat yield in the Huang-Huai-hai Plain. Especially, the climate change in winter wheat growing season adversely had affected the winter wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Plain, the most obvious of the winter wheat yield reduction, the reduction of 11% to 20%. The climate change effect on the winter wheat yield in study region showed the obvious phase: The climate change in 1970s and 1980s were most harmful for the winter wheat to grow and reach output, and the extent of yield reduction was bigger. The main causes that had brought about yield decrease were more. On the one hand precipitation had fallen off, but on the other hand temperature increase had made the evaporation of farmland more, thus caused farmland moisture imbalance between supply and demand to aggravate. Finally this climate changes brought about reduction of winter wheat yield.4. The research has showed that because there was scarce of the water in the Huang-Huai-hai Plain irrigation was able to greatly enhance the yield of winter wheat, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Haihe River Plain. Such, irrigation is an effective way to enhance the winter wheat yield in research region.5. The crop growth model has been applied to the actual evaluation of climate change on crops. This paper has afforded us a new method of research for the climate change that has occurred effects on crops.