The Study Of Identify And Accumulation Mechanisms And Regulation Control Of Carotenoid On Chinese Cabbage

Chinese cabbage quality breeding is an important breeding goal. Carotenoid content and composition not only related to Chinese cabbage leave head color, but also a direct impact on the nutrition, health value, therefore it is the important indicators decided Chinese cabbage traits of goods and the quality of Chinese cabbage inside andoutside. In this study, we selected the savoy material——07-158 (Referred to 158) withyellow head, and the Chinese cabbage materials——07-159(Referred to 159) withyellow head; 80 (Referred to 80) and 07-160 (Referred to 160) with dark orange and red leafy head; and 07-161 (Referred to 161) with orange and red leafy head and 07-162 (Referred to 162) with light yellow head as the trement materials. Used HPLC technical analysis composition and content of the main carotenoids in different materials, studies the accumulation dynamic of carotenoids in different growth and development stages, explained the possible connection between color formation and carotenoid accumulation, and evaluated the regulation and control mechanisms by Mn²⁺,GA₃ and ABA trements. Main results showed as fllows.1. One of more precise identification method has established for analyzing caotenoids in Chinese cabbage by RP-HPLC. We separated 38 components from the Chinese cabbage with dark orange and red leafy head, and identified 32 kinds of caotenoids. Including nine kinds of lycopene,four kinds of phytofluene and neurosporene,three kinds ofβ-cryptoxanthin and a-carotene,two kinds ofζ-carotene andβ-carotene isomer, one kinds of phytoene,lutein,zeaxanthin,γ-carotene and violaxanthin.2. The carotenoids of 162n 159 and 158 is the same exactly, contain lutein, violaxanthin,zeaxanthin,β-cryptoxanthin,α-carotene,β-carotene,phytoene and phytofluene. 160 and 161 contains all the carotenoids of ordinary Chinese cabbage materials, in addition, there are neurosporene,trans-lycopene,cis-lycopene,ζ-carotene andγ-carotene. The Chinese cabbage materials with orange and red leafy head containing more complete types of carotenoids, it covers most of carotenoid metabolic pathway of the various major components, in particular, the six types ofcomponents——lycopene,β-carotene,α-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin,zeaxanthin andlutein.3. The accumulation of main carotenoids in external function leaves (Referred to external leaves) of 160 and 161 are violaxanthin,lutein,zeaxanthin,β-carotene, and the accumulation of main carotenoids in leafy head core leaves (Referred to head leaves) of the 160 and 161 are neurosporene,trans-lycopene,cis-lycopene,ζ-carotene andγ-carotene. The accumulation of main carotenoids in external leaves and head leaves of the Chinese cabbage material 162,159 and the savoy materials 158 are the violaxanthin,lutein,β-carotene.4. The totle carotenoids content of the head leaves of 160 and 161 were significantly higher than that of other materials, the carotenoids content was more 5 to 10 times than other materials. The totle carotenoids content in all materials of the cabbage external leaves have a little difference.5. During the leafy head development: (1) The total carotenoids of the head leaves were on the rise, yellow of lutein andβ-carotene, orange and yellow violaxanthin had gradual accumulation, the leafy head profile of 158 and 159 changed color from light to dark, and the leafy head showed yellow color in the maturity. (2) The total carotenoids and lutein andβ-carotene, orange and yellow violaxanthin were downward, the leafy head profile of 162 changed color from dark to light, thus the color of leafy head profile showed pale yellow in the maturity stage. (3) The yellow neurosporene andζ-carotene in the leafy head of 161 were 70 percent of total carotenoids, the red cis-lycopene and trans-lycopene were 20 percent of total carotenoids, total carotenoids and the four major carotenoids had obviously accumulation trend, the leafy head profile of 161 changed color from light to dark, the color of leafy head profile showed orange and yellow color in the maturity stage. (4) The yellow neurosporene andζ-carotene were 65 percent of total carotenoids, the red cis-lycopene and trans-lycopene were 30 percent of total carotenoids in the leafy head of 160. Exceptζ-carotene content had a slight decline, the total carotenoids and the other three major carotenoids had increasing trend, and had obviously accumulated in maturity, the color of leafy head showed dark orange and red color. The accumulation of yellow neurosporene andζ-carotene,the red cis-lycopene and trans-lycopene were the reason of the leafy head with orange and red color, the proportion of that various pigments decided the mini color changes.6. Mn²⁺ was beneficial to accumulation of the carotenoids for orange and red Chinese cabbage, and the best concentration was 557.5 mg/ L. The GA₃ inhibited accumulation of all the carotenoids and the total carotenoids in Chinese cabbage with orange and red, and the effects of inhibition for the midder and upper products of the carotenoids metabolic cycle were higher than that of the midder and lower products. The ABA accelerate significant carotenoids metabolic pathway of the lower products of violaxanthin,lutein,zeaxanthin, and increased the content of total carotenoids, but the effect was not obvious to the other the middle and upper products of carotenoids.