Model Research On Hybrid Production Of Top Quality & High Quality Beef In Mountains Of Southern Ningxia

Based the current production condition investigations of local farmer, fattening diet were designed according to feedstuffs and forages, and were fed to progressive Hybrids of Limousin and Guyuan Yellow Cattle, to test the fattening performance, beef quality, then the economic benefit was analysed to study some issues about the production of top & high quality beef in mountain area of Southern Ningxia.1. The farmer production condition focused was investigated according to the development need of beef industry. The investagtion showed: In the southern of Ningxia, the main characters of feedstuff and forage were amount shortage, area deficiency and season imbalance. The most and least feed of energy and protein possessed per captial were 357.21㎏ and 1779.29 RND in Yuanzhou district, 152.74㎏和648.76 RND in Longde county respectively. The alfalfa preponderated in local, that the most and least contribution for energy and protein were 39.16% and 83.25%,36.39% and 75.70%. Protein feed was relatively overmuch but energy deficient. The breeds was miscellaneous that the crossbreds of local cattles with Limousin dominanting, and 80%～90% of local cows were crossbred by Limousin semen. The proportion of Guyuan yellow cattle and its crossbreds were 8.77% and 30.31%, and that of Qinchuan and its crossbreds were 18.71% and 42.11%, and the proportion of crossbreds of Limousin with Qinchuan and Guanyuan cattle. The market price of crossbreds of limousin were much higher than local breeds, that a Limousin hybrids of 6 month-age could earn more 500～800 yuan, of one year-age can earn more 1000～1500 yuan, a feeder hybrid fished in 3～5 monthes could earn net profit of 900～1000 yuan.2,4 bulls of 8-10 month-age and 18-20 month-age of progressive hybrids of Limousin and Guyuan yellow cattle selected randomly were divided into two groups according to age fed to fattening diet make up of local feed resources, to research the fattening efficiency, beef production performance, meat quality, and production model of top & high quality beef, the taials showed:(1)Growth and development: In fattening period, total weight gain, Average Daily Gain, Peak Daily gain of Group 8-10 month and 18-20 month were 140.0㎏ and 169.7㎏, 0.97㎏/d and1.17㎏/d, 1.50㎏/d and1.63㎏/d respectively. The BPI(beef purpose index)of fished hybrids were higher than the averge BPI of 47 indigenous breeds inChina, the group 18-20 month than that of fine breeds of Chinese yellow cattle, and the frame size trend beef type. The maturityof both group were class A, and carcass weight of group 18-20 reached the desirable calss of U.S.(2)Beef production performance: Group 8-10 month-age and 8 of 18-20 month-age, respectively, slaughter rate reachedat 55.33% and 58.59%,ribeye area reach 74.42㎝ 2 and 92.37㎝ 2; the production and production rate of top & high quality beef were 91.95㎏ and 155.01㎏, 48.10% and 47.54%,and which of high quality were 62.59㎏ and 101.35㎏, 32.74% and 31.09%;which of top quality were 29.36㎏ and 53.65㎏, 15.36% and 16.45%;and the production and production rate of tenderloin reached at 4.64㎏ and 7.74㎏, 2.43% and 2.37%, weight of tenderloin block reached at 2.32㎏ and 3.87㎏ which can be classified into first and top grade.(3)Beef quality: Group 8-10 month-age and 8 of 18-20 month-age, respectively, the scores colour and fat were 3.50 and 4.25, 1.25 and 1.88, which reached the top class; the moisture, 71.11% and 70.11%; shear force, 3.56㎏ and 4.13㎏, crude ash content, 1.08%和1.19%; crude protein content, 24.34% and 22.48%; total AA, 22.36 g/100g和20.12 g/100g, and EAA reached at 54.9% and 55.6%; crude fat, 5.56% and 4.61%, the proportion of non-saturated fat acid reached at 65.43%和65.02%, of which EFA were 62.15% and 62.81%.(4)Econmic analysis: Average daily earnings, net earnings and yield of group 8-10 month-age and 8 of 18-20 month-age, respectively, reached at 6.03 yuan and 5.57 yuan, 874.52 yuan and 807.80 yuan, 30.47% and 14.91%, while slaughtered in conventional method, earnings and net earnings rate can increase by 775.96 yuan and 809.96 yuan, 16.09% and 10.39%, when the beef were cut by standard, the more earnings and net earnings rate can increase by 663.24 yuan and 2150.74 yuan, 13.76% and 27.59%, yield rate could reached 29.85% and 37.98% based cattle sold.So, the top and high quality beef can be produced with progressive hybrids of Limousin and Guyuan yellow cattle, and can be produce under the current farmer production condition in moutains of southern Ningxia.