Research Of Surface Soil Physical And Chemical Characteristics At Different Altitude In South And North Foot Of Daqing Mountain

Soil is a very important component in the Earth's environment and it is the material basis of vegetation for survival. Soil fertility mainly represent that soil has good physical and chemical properties and biological productivity. The level of soil physical and chemical properties decides soil fertility. Soil basic traits can affect plant growth through the direct or indirect way. The effects of altitude on the soil physical and chemical properties are achieved mainly through water and thermal conditions and the resulting vegetation conditions.Ecological environment of Daqing Mountain is fragile. It is the natural barriers and scenic areas of Hohhot. To maintain and improve soil fertility has become the key to ecological protection and management. It is of great significance to afforest Daqing Mountain for water conservation, the regulation of climate, the ecological environment change and speeding up economic development in mountainous areas. So it is necessary to study soil in Daqing Mountain for the restoration of stability of ecosystems, fully shielding sand fixation and the role of water conservation. Elevation difference has great relevance to forestry, and slope difference of vegetation is obvious in the mountain of arid areas. Accordingly, the research was to consider the effect of altitude and slope on the physico-chemical properties of soil.The research object is Daqing Mountain. On the basis of data collection, field survey and sampling surface soil, physical and chemical properties were analyzed under different altitude and slope according to data measured practically and mainly indoor experiment. Using methods combination of traditional statistics and geo-statistics, spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed in the surface soil physical and chemical properties in Daqing Mountain within the altitude of 1144 m-1862m. The differences in physical and chemical properties of soils were comparatively analyzed between the slope of north and the slope of south in order to reveal the effect of altitude on the soil physical and chemical properties and provide reference for the construction of ecological environment in Daqing Mountain.Through research, the following are the major findings:(1) Different altitude and slope has a notable impact on the content of soil water in 0-20 cm. The general trend of the content of soil water is to reduce with the increase of elevation, and the content of soil water in shady slope is less than sunny slope. The distribution of the content of soil water in Daqing Mountain is unique, which is directly related to its geographical environment. The specific reasons need for further study.(2) With the increase of altitude, soil bulk density and the specific fravity of soils gradually become smaller and soil porosity increased.(3) With the increase of altitude, the relative content of soil particles changes different in trends and extent in shady slope and sunny slope.(4) The value of soil pH takes on weakly alkaline in Daqing Mountain. With the increase of altitude the value of soil pH was decreasing. With the increase of altitude, the change of soil conductivity has experienced ups and downs, but the scope of the changes is not big. The content of CaCO3 in soil does not change greatly with the altitude.(5) Soil electrical conductivity is relatively small in Daqing Mountain, mostly in the range of 0.10-0.15; it takes on wavy changes with altitude, but the scope of changes are not big. The content of soil CaCO3 is between 1% and 5% and it does not differ greatly with the altitude and slope.(6) The content of soil organic matter is low, with an average of 4.22 percent. The content of soil organic matter is relatively high in the shady slope and high-altitude areas, and shows normal distribution. The curve of variation function accords with the index variogram models, and has strong spatial autocorrelation; belongs to middle-intensity variation.Therefore, the soil conditions in the high-altitude and shady slope region which trees are suitable for growth in this area, are better than the low- altitude areas and sunny slope in Daqing Mountain. Meadow soils and the brown soil in high altitude area have rich organic matter. Higher content of soil organic matter can not only fully meet the needs of forest growth, but also plays a good role to regulate organic soil physical properties and water thermal conditions. And soil conditions at low altitudes are poor, where protection should be strengthened.