Effects Of Bordeaux Nutritional Protective Powder On Growth Of Fuji Apple Tress And Quality Of Fruits

Bordeaux nutritional protective powder (BNPP) is possessed of nutritional and protective effects which is sponsored by national 948 items, and manufactured in Shandong Agricultural University. CuSO4, CaO, EDTA-Fe and ZnSO4 were used as raw materials in the manufacturing of BNPP and some ideal additives were carefully chosen to make more stable products with best suspension capacity. Field experiments and laboratory simulation experiments were conducted to study both the effects of BNPP on the growth of Fuji apple trees and manufacturing of ideal BNPP products, and thus provide the theoretical and statistical support for seeking the right substitute for traditional Bordeaux Mixture (BDM) and the application of BNPP on apple trees. Additionally, water release experiment and field experiments were conducted to study the effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) on the content of nutritional elements in soil, the growth of apple trees and the quality of apple fruits. The results showed that BNPP could provide nutritional elements and protection for the apple trees; besides, nutrients released by CRF could meet the demand of nutritional need of apple trees. Researches were mainly concentrated on the effects of application of BNPP and CRF on apple trees to study the feasibility of application of two products on apple trees. The main results were as follows:1. Concentration of combined Zn and Fe added to BNPP should be no more than 100mg/kg to ensure its suspension capacity. And many characters such as fluidity, wedding ability, dispersing, suspension, low bubbles, the storage, diameter, water content, pH value fitted in well with quality standard prescribed by China and FAO.2. Effects of BNPP on the chlorophyll content in apple leaves: Compared with control and BDM treatments, BNPP could improve the chlorophyll content in apple leaves. BNPP containing trace elements such as Zn and Fe could promote the accumulation of trace elements in apple leaves which in turn increased the chlorophyll content, and thus the accumulation of dry matters from photothesis. In Dongying field experiment, the chlorophyll content in apple leaves in BNPP treatment was 2.8%-8.6% higher than that in control, low concentration BNPP treatments superior to high concentration. By contrast, the synthesis of chlorophyll was promoted by low concentration BDM, while inhibited by higher concentration BDM. In Fei city field experiment, both BDM and BNPP promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll, BNPP superior to BDM.3. Effects of BNPP on content of total Cu, total Fe and total Zn in apple leaves: BNPP which is possessed of trace elements, e.g. Zn and Fe, was helpful to the accumulation of total Cu, total Fe and total Zn in apple leaves. Compared with control, the content of total Zn and Fe were markedly increased which could be used to the rectification of diseases owing to deficiency of trace elements. Moreover, BDM increased the content of total Cu in apple leaves, higher than that in BNPP treatments, but inhibited the adsorption of Zn and Fe. In addition, microelement fertilizer improved concentration of trace element in soil solution, and content of total Zn and Fe was 19.0%-31.9% and 16.7%-27.4%higher than that in control respectively.4. Effects of BNPP on content of available Cu, available Fe and available Zn in apple leaves: The relations between content of available and total trace elements achieved significant level. Compared with control, the available Fe and Zn in BNPP treatments greatly increased and the difference was significant; the available Cu content increased with no significant difference. BDM could improve the available Cu content in apple leaves, high concentration BDM treatments higher than low concentration BDM treatments. In comparison with BDM treatment, lower accumulation of available Cu and higher accumulation of available Zn and Fe occurred in BNPP treatments, which was in accordance with the trend of leaf total trace elements. Moreover, CRF and MF were better in improving the content of leaf available trace elements that CCF and control.5. Effects of BNPP on quality and yields of apple fruits: BNPP increased accumulation of total Cu, Fe and Zn in apple leaves and promoted their transportation to fruits which was indispensable to good quality and high yield of apple fruits. In the two field experiments, BNPP improved the content of trace elements in apple fruits and the yields were significantly increased. And BNPP were superior to BDM in their effects on the quality and yields of fruits. In Dongying field experiment, the high concentration BNPP treatment excelled that of low concentration treatments; low concentration BDM treatments could also improve the quality and yield of fruits, but high concentration BDM increased the accumulation of Cu in fruits and in turn was deleterious to the growth of apple trees and expanding of fruits. Both CRF and MF could provide adequate mineral elements for trees, improving content of Sugar, Vc in fruits and yields, and yields in CRF+MF+BDM and CRF+MF+BNPP treatments were 3.2 % and 9.5 % higher than that in CRF+BDM and CRF+BNPP treatments respectively.6. Effects of BNPP on content of available Cu, available Fe and available Zn in soil: BNPP promoted accumulation of total Cu, total Fe and total Zn in apple leaves, and lessened the absorption of trace elements from soil. Besides, when spraying copper agents, the excessive suspension dripped from the apple leaves to the ground soil, which contributed to the rise of content of available trace elements. In contrast, the available Cu content in BDM treatment was significantly greater than that in BNPP treatments, and high concentration BDM treatment is higher that low concentration BDM treatments. Generally, BDM promoted the accumulation of excessive Cu in soil which could serve as a great threat to environment; BNPP played an important in the accumulation of Zn and Fe in soil, and did little harm to soil environment. Besides, the application of MF exerted much influence on the content of trace element. In all treatments, the content of available trace elements in soil of 0-20cm layer was higher than that in soil of 20-40cm layer.7. Effects of BNPP on soil pH value: BNPP could reduce soil pH value in calcareous soil and improve the validity of trace elements. A fairly high content of EDTA-Fe existed in BNPP which could be the main reason for BNPP to reduce pH value. After spraying BNPP, soil pH value decreased and availability of trace elements in soil increased; in contrast, BDM could enhance soil pH value and inhibit the activities of available trace elements. In brown soil, BNPP could also bring down soil pH value, but would not cause further acidification of tested soil.