A Study On Field Fertility Characteristics And Formulated Ferlization Techniques Of Main Crops In Huangyuan County Of Qinghai Provice

Based on the investigation of field fertility status and soil fertility improvement in HuangYuan county of QingHai province,a study on field fertility characteristics and formulated fertilization technique of three main representative crops ie.wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),hullessbarley(Hordeum vulgate L.) and carrot(Daucus carota L.) were conducted in standing soil by means of soil testing and field trial.In addition,we systemicly studied application techniques and effects of formulated fertilizers on main crops.Such,the project on research and production of formulated fertilizers of three main crops were concluded based on clarifying their nutrients requirement laws and soil testing.The main results are as follow:1.We analysed the status of field soil fertility and soil testing data of 3403 samples in Huangyuan county including seven countries and two towns.Above the results of the second national soil investigation,organic matter(OM) content and available nitrogen(N) content declined by 10.3%and 11.3%,respectively.However,contents of available phosphorus(P) and available potassium(K) increased by 13.7%and13.0%,respectively.According to the six classification standard of soil nutrient,we have concluded that the soil fertility in Huangyuan county attributes to the medium level ie.the third grade level,and put forward the approach to improve soil fertility.2.The whole soil fertility was relatively medium in wheat field due to medium to richness level of N,medium level of P and richness level of K,absence of trance element such as Zn,B and Mo and unbalanced of nutrient ratio.The factor requirement for fertility improvement was in order of trance element> organic matter> nitrogen > phosphorus> potassium.The result of different ratio of N,P and K trial indicated that the formula fertilizer of N₂P₂K₀ produced best biological characteristics and highest yield of wheat.The relative yield of deficiency of N,P and K was 83.46%,96.68%and 114.76%respectively,such the biggest contribution to increasing yield production was N,secondly P,and in the end K.In addition,a significant or mightly significant positive correlation was obtained among grain yield and grain number per ear,1000 grain weight and ear length,per mu.Moreover, formulated fertilization exhibited a noted increase in wheat yield above traditional fertilization and the control,which increased by 13.7%and 56.5%,respectively.Hence,the general principle of formulation fertilization of wheat was put forward ie.increasing N application, fixing P application and supply K application based on clarifying their nutrients requirement laws of wheat,analysis results of standing soil and field investigation.The rational prescription fertilization project have been concluded as follow:(1) 45%content type:the ratio of N,P and K and microelements is 23:16:7:5;(2) 30%content type:the ratio of N, P and K and microelements is 15:11:4:5.3.Content of organic matter(OM),N,P and K was medium level in the hullessbarley field,which resulted in an enhancement in requirement of standing soil for high yield and high quality of crops by increasing N,P and K fertilizer application.The result of different ratio of N,P and K trial indicated that the formula fertilizer of N2P2K2 produced best biological characteristics and highest yield of wheat.The relative yield of deficiency of N,P and K was 81.46%,83.79%,84.70%,respectively,such the biggest contribution to increasing yield production was N,secondly P,and in the end K.In addition,a significant regress correlation was obtained among grain yield and amount of N,P and K fertilizer.Moreover, formulated fertilization exhibited a noted increase in wheat yield above traditional fertilization and the control,which increased by 13.9%and 39.5%,respectively.Hence,the general principle of formula fertilization of hullessbarley was put forward ie.increasing application of N,P and K based on clarifying their nutrients requirement laws of hullessbarley,analysis results of standing soil and field investigation.The rational prescription fertilization project have been concluded as follow:(1) 45%content type:the ratio of N,P and K and microelements is 9:20:16:5;(2) 30%content type:the ratio of N,P and K and microelements is 5:15:10:5.4.Content of organic matter,available nitrogen(NO3--N+NH4+-N),available phosphorus and available potassium was 10.26 mg/kg,2.81mg/kg,8.78 mg/kg and 100.72mg/kg,respectively in carrot field.Comparing with high quality soil,organic matter and P was least,secondly was K,and N was in normal.The result of different ratio of N,P and K trial indicated that the formula fertilizer of N2P2K3 produced best biological characteristics and highest yield of wheat.The relative yield of deficiency of N,P and K was 78.66%,90.35%,90.37%,respectively,such the biggest contribution to increasing yield production was N,secondly P and K.In addition,a significant regress correlation was obtained between grain yield and amount of N,P and K fertilizer.Moreover,formulated fertilization exhibited a noted increase in wheat yield above traditional fertilization and the control,which increased by 70.6%and 11.0%%,respectively.The single root weight,Vc content,dissolubility solids content and total carotene content were significantly increased due to formulation fertilization.Hence,the general principle of formula fertilization of carrot was put forward ie.increasing application of N,supply P and K based on clarifying their nutrients requirement laws of carrot,analysis results of standing soil and field investigation. The rational prescription fertilization project have been concluded as follow:(1) 45%content type:the ratio of N,P and K and microelements is 5:10:30:5;(2) 30%content type:the ratio of N,P and K and microelements is 4:8:18:5.