| Although the super hybrid rice yielded as high as 8 tones per hectare in many regions in Hunan province,but it is still unclear how to cultivate the super hybrid rice. The purpose for this paper is exploited the effects of cultural practices on the yield increase of super hybrid rice.The experiments with Liangyou-293,Zhunliangyou-527 and Y-you no 1 were conducted by taking different fertilizer application(135,180, 225 kg/hm~2) and different row and hill space(A:22.4 cm×22.4 cm,B.25 cm×20 cm,C:[20+30]cm×20cm,D.30 cm×20 cm,E:[20+40]cm×20 cm,F.24.5 cm×24.5 cm) in Yongzhou City of Hunan province in 2004 and 2005.The main results were summarized as follows:1.No significant difference of dry matter production was founded among three fertilizer rate treatments.The partitioning ratio of the dry matter production of leaves and stems ranged from 1:1.5 to 1:3.5 at heading stage.The dry matter production of panicles increased rapidly from heading stage to maturity stage.Compared with Liangyou-293,Zhunliangyou-527 displayed larger LAI in early and medium growth periods and more dry matter accumulation in late growth periods.2.The effects of 3 fertilizer rate treatments on the yield and yield components differ among cultivars,of which Liangyou-293 displayed more panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle but less grain filling percentage and 1000 grain weight.No significant difference of yield and yield components were founded among three fertilizer rate treatments.The possible explain is that fertilizer nitrogen was not a limited factor for higher yield cultivation of super hybrid rice under the nitrogen application condition with 135-225 kg/hm~2.3.There were no big differences of plant nitrogen content and uptake of super hybrid rice amount among 3 nitrogen application treatments,but there were a little differences of those among transplanting method treatments.Plant nitrogen uptake amount of Zhunliangyou 527 ranged from 165.8 t/hm~2 to 188.7 kg/hm~2 at maturity stage and reached to 72.4%～80.3%at heading stage.Plant nitrogen uptake amount of Liangyou 293 ranged from 154.3 t/hm~2 to 170.8 kg/hm~2 at maturity stage and reached to 82.0%～89.0%at heading stage.This showed Zhunliangyou 527 had the stronger ability of nitrogen uptake compared with Liangyou 293.In addition,the similar results of Plant Phosphors and potassium content and uptake amount were founded among 3 fertilizer application treatments4.The number of maximum tillers per unit area was different among 6 different plant and hill space treatments,but not the occurrence time of their maximum tiller number.The productive tiller percentage of narrow space treatments was higher than that of wide space treatments.These results also showed that no significant differences were founded between two cultivars(Liangyou-293 and Y-you no 1).5.The harvest yield of Y-you no 1 was the highest in treat B and others was treat A,F,E,C,D in turn,of which treat B was significantely higher than treat E,C, D.The harvest yield of Liangyou 293 was the highest in treat A and others was treat B,C,D,E,F in turn;of which treat A was significantely higher than treat D,E,F. This showed that the harvest yield of super hybrid rice was affected by transplanting density,but not by transplanting method.As for the yield components,effective panicle number per unit area and spikelet number per panicle exsited difference between transplnting density treatments,but not among transplnting method treatments.There were no differences of grain filling percentage and 1000 grain weight among all treatments.
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