Study On The Physiological Ecological Characteristics Of Eight Vines

Vines are the important group of landscape plants,which have wide range of application in urban vertical greening.The photosynthetic physiology,water physiology, shade tolerance and drought-resistant ability of Vinca major,Vinca major cv.Variegata, Hedera helix,Hedera canariensis cv.Variegata,Lonicera japonica,Lonicera japonica var. chinensis,Schizophragma integrifolium and Vitis amurensis were studied systematically in this paper,the results showed that:1.The light compensation point of Vinca major was approximately 20.84μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and the light saturation point was 1000μmol·m^-2·s^-1;the light compensation point of Vinca major cv.Variegata was approximately 13.58μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and the light saturation point was 800μmol·m^-2·s^-1;the light compensation point of Hedera helix was approximately 21.92μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and the light saturation point was 1000μmol·m^-2·s^-1; the light compensation point of Hedera canariensis cv.Variegata was approximately 18.82μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and the light saturation point was 1000μmol·m^-2·s^-1;the light compensation point of Lonicera japonica was approximately 14.13μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and the light saturation point was 800μmol·m^-2·s^-1;the light compensation point of Lonicera japonica var.chinensis was approximately 15.63μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and the light saturation point was 800μmol·m^-2·s^-1;the light compensation point of Schizophragma integrifolium was approximately 31.50μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and the light saturation point was 700μmol·m^-2·s^-1; the light compensation point of Vitis amurensis was approximately 32.23μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and the light saturation point was 700μmol·m^-2·s^-1.The low light compensation points and higher saturation points of eight vines made them suitable to a multiple light condition,and also could tolerated shade;meanwhile,they were fond of light.2.In spring,the daily variation of Vinca major,Lonicera japonica and Schizophragma integrifolium of net photosynthetic rate was double-peak curve,and the daily variation of Vinca major cv.Variegata,Hedera helix,Hedera canariensis cv. Variegata,Lonicera japonica var.chinensis and Vitis amurensis was one peak curve.The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of eight vines presented the double-peak curve type in summer and one peak curve in autumn.The time of the maximum of daily average value of net photosynthetic rate showed great differences as the different of seasons and vines' species in their growth period.The path coefficient analysis between net photosynthetic rate and physio-ecological factors indicated that:in spring,the main factor influencing net photosynthetic rate of Vinca major and Vinca major cv.Variegata was stomatal conductance;the factor of Hedera helix,Hedera canariensis cv.Variegata, Lonicera japonica var.chinensis and Vitis amurensis was vapor pressure deficit of leaf;the net photosynthetic rate of Lonicera japonica was affected by transpiration rate; Schizophragma integrifolium was affected by intercellular CO₂ concentration.In summer, the main factor influencing net photosynthetic rate of Vinca major,Vinca major cv. Variegata,Lonicera japonica and Lonicera japonica vat.chinensis was transpiration rate; the factor of Hedera helix,Hedera canariensis cv.Variegata and Vitis amurensis was vapor pressure deficit of leaf;the net photosynthetic rate of Schizophragma integrifolium was affected by intercellular CO₂ concentration.In autumn,the main factor influencing net photosynthetic rate of Vinca major and Lonicera japonica var.chinensis was vapor pressure deficit of leaf;the factor of Vinca major cv.Variegata,Schizophragma integrifoIium and Vitis amurensis was intercellular CO₂ concentration;the net photosynthetic rate of Hedera helix was affected by temperature;Hedera canariensis cv. Variegata and Lonicerajaponica was affected by transpiration rate.3.The light utilization efficiency of Vinca major of spring,summer and autumn was 1.070%,0.453%and 1.665%respectively;the LUE of Vinca major cv.Variegata of spring, summer and autumn was 0.377%,0.384%and 1.143%respectively;the LUE of Hedera helix of spring,summer and autumn was 0.472%,0.410%and 1.540%respectively;the LUE of Hedera canariensis cv.Variegata of spring,summer and autumn was 0.414%,0.282%and 1.422%respectively;the LUE of Lonicera japonica of spring,summer and autumn was 0.498%,0.740%and 1.718%respectively;the LUE of Lonicera japonica var. chinensis of spring,summer and autumn was 0.819%,0.541%and 1.590%respectively; the LUE of Schizophragma integrifolium of spring,summer and autumn was 0.848%,0.359%and 1.742%respectively;the LUE of Vitis amurensis of spring,summer and autumn was 0.848%,0.359%and 1.742%respectively.The highest light utilization efficiency of Vinca major,Hedera helix,Hedera canariensis cv.Variegata,Lonicera japonica var.chinensis and Schizophragma integrifolium appeared in autumn,and then in spring,the lowest light utilization efficiency appeared in summer.The highest light utilization efficiency of Vinca major cv.Variegata,Lonicera japonica and Vitis amurensis appeared in autumn too,then in summer,while the light utilization efficiency of spring was the lowest.Based on correlation analysis,author concluded that increasing relative humidity and decreasing temperature appropriately could enhance their light utilization efficiency during the lower light utilization efficiency seasons.4.The water use efficiency of Vinca major of spring,summer and autumn was 3.883, 0.948 and 3.894μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O respectively;the WUE of Vinca major cv. Variegata of spring,summer and autumn was 1.598,0.785 and 3.093μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O respectively;the WUE of Hedera helix of spring,summer and autumn was 2.153,0.820 and 4.384μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O respectively;the WUE of Hedera canariensis cv. Variegata of spring,summer and autumn was 2.213,1.026 and 4.16μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O respectively;the WUE of Lonicera japonica of spring,summer and autumn was 2.052,1.228 and 3.603μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O respectively;the WUE of Lonicera japonica var.chinensis of spring,summer and autumn was 3.187,1.354 and 4.887μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O respectively;the WUE of Schizophragma integrifolium of spring, summer and autumn was 1.792,0.491 and 1.837μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O respectively;the LUE of Vitis amurensis of spring,summer and autumn was1.635,1.174å’Œ4.347μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O respectively.The water use efficiency of eight vines of autumn was higher than spring,and spring was higher than summer.The water use efficiency of Vinca major in spring and autumn was high and had a high drought-resistant ability,while in summer its water use efficiency was low and had a low drought-resistant ability.The water use efficiency of Hedera helix, Hedera canariensis cv.Variegata,Lonicera japonica,Lonicera japonica var.chinensis and Vitis amurensis in autumn was high and had a great drought-resistant ability,while in spring and summer its water use efficiency was low and had a low drought-resistant ability. The water use efficiency of Vinca major cv.Variegata and Schizophragma integrifolium was low and had a low drought-resistant ability in their growth seasons.Decreasing temperature and increasing environmental humidity could reasonably enhance the water use efficiency and drought-resistant ability in the summer.5.Eight vines which were studied in this paper included the four types of vines: Lonicera japonica and Lonicera japonica var.chinensis of twining type;Hedera helix, Hedera canariensis cv.Variegata and Schizophragma integrifolium of suctorial type;Vitis amurensis of tendril type;Vinca major and Vinca major cv.Variegata of rambler type. According to its climbing habit,photosynthetic physiological character and water physiology character,eight vines can be widely applied to urban vertical greening space like fences,garden gates,steep slopes,rocks,pillars,indoor vertical greening,bridges, walls,pergolas,roofs and balconies.