Effects Of Different Management Methods For Pinus Koraiensis Forest On Soil Properties

According to the theory and method of near-to-nature forest management,from the soil properties aspect,based on the different degree of near-to-nature,four kinds of Pinus koraiensis stands differ in management type and four kinds of Pinus koraiensis plantations differ in management measure were investigated in Liangshui natural reserve located in Lesser Xingan Mountations,and the litter reserves,the concentration of organic matter,soil physical properties,soil water holding capacity,soil chemical properties and soil microbial properties were studied systematiclly.The difference of soil bulk density among different management type of Pinus koraiensis stands was significant,ranges from 0.71g/cm~3 to 1.08g/cm~3 in the decline order of Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensisⅠstand,Pinus koraiensis plantation,Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensisⅡstand,and virgin Pinus koraiensis stand.Soil total porosity percent of virgin Pinus koraiensis stand was higher than that of Pinus koraiensis plantation,soil saturated holding capacity was in the decline order of virgin Pinus koraiensis stand,Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensisⅡstand,Pinus koraiensis plantation and Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensisⅠstand,soil capillary water holding capacity and field moisture capacity were in the decline order of virgin Pinus koraiensis stand,Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensisⅠstand,Pinus koraiensis plantation and Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensisⅡstand,significant differences were detected among different origin of stands.Both of organic substances content and the total amount of nutrient elements for virgin Pinus koraiensis stand and two kinds of Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensis stands were higher than that of Pinus koraiensis plantation.The difference of total amount of nutrient elements and alkaline content among different origin of Pinus koraiensis stands was significant,in the decline order of two kinds of Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensis stands,virgin Pinus koraiensis stand and Pinus koraiensis plantation.Available P content was in the decline oreder of virgin Pinus koraiensis stand,two kinds of Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensis stand,and Pinus koraiensis plantation.The amount of the numbers of the soil microorganisms for virgin Pinus koraiensis stand and two kinds of Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensis stand was higher than that of virgin Korean pine stand.The numbers of bacteria and actinomyceto were highest in two kinds of Beaula playphylla and Pinus koraiensis stands.The numbers of azotobacter were highest in virgin Pinus koraiensis stands.Litter reserves of Pinus koraiensis plantation with various management measures was in the decline order of the control,even cutting,cutting shrub keeping canopy,cutting canopy keeping shrub and cutting all non-crop trees.Non-decomposed litter layer of cutting all non- crop trees and cutting canopy keeping shrub shared a larger proportion of total litter reserves, while semi-decomposed litter layer of the control,even cutting cutting shrub keeping canopy shared a larger proportion of total litter reserves.The soil bulk density was 0.71g/cm~3～1.08g/cm~3,and the lowest was cutting shrub keeping canopy.The decline order of the soil gross porosity was cutting canopy keeping shrub,even cutting,control,cutting all non-crop trees and cutting shrub keeping canopy.Saturated soil water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and field capacity were all in the decline order of cutting shrub keeping canopy,cutting all non-crop trees,even cutting,control and cutting canopy keeping shrub.But different management measures had no significantly impact on soil water holding capacity. Soil organic matter and nutrient elements account for the highest value in the stand of even cutting.Seasonal variation of soil available nutrient content showed different triends based on difference of management measures,soil available nutrient contenteven was highest in even cutting and lowest in cutting all non-crop trees and cutting canopy keeping shrub.The number of bacteria and fungi showed the same seasonal trend with a single peak,the maximum appeared in July and August.The number of actinomycetes showed the trend of low to high in the stand of cutting all non-crop trees and cutting canopy keeping shrub,and the trend of high to low in the stand of cutting shrub keeping canopy and even cutting.The number of bacterium, fungi and actinomycetes was in the decline order of cutting shrub keeping canopy,even cutting, control,cutting all non-crop trees and cutting canopy keeping shrub,control,cutting shrub keeping canopy,cutting canopy keeping shrub,even cutting and cutting all non-crop trees,and cutting shrub keeping canopy,even cutting,cutting canopy keeping shrub,cutting all non-crop trees and control respectively.Both study about soil properties under different management type and different management measures of Pinus koraiensis forest confirmed that improving the species composition and stand structure could be conducive to improving the soil quality of Pinus koraiensis forest.The results provided a theoretical basis for near-to-nature management of Pinus koraiensis plantation.