Preliminary Study On Plant Landscape And Eco-efficiency Of Beijing Olympic Forest Park

With the rapid development of modern urban green space,more focus have already been paid on ecological fuction.Great attempts have been achieved on the research and the theories of ecology have been introduced into landscape design as more integration have been made.The trend of the integration of both landscape design and ecological view has great influence on the future development of landscape.The research on ecosystem services has attracted more attention in recent years,ecologists and economists have explored the content and evaluation methods in ecosystem services,which has now become the the forefront issues of research on ecology and ecological economics.And the main results are as follows:The results show that in Beijing Olympic Forest Park,the species rate of evergreen and deciduous trees is about 1:10,the species rate of trees and shrubs is about 1:1.1.The rate of the number of trees and shrubs is around 1:5.1;evergreen trees and deciduous trees in the ratio of about 1:2.5;evergreen plants and deciduous plants in the ratio of the total number of about 1:2.2.It could be seen that the variety of deciduous tree species is relatively abundant in the park,where more use of relatively number of new cultivars and exotic species.As for the low use of shrubs,shrub species especially Beijing native shrub types should be appropriately increased in the forest park.In order to form a stable structure of urban green space and ensure the ecological functions.Appropriate increase in the number of trees and shrubs and the number of deciduous trees will form a landscape dominated and geographical changes in landscape characteristics.The research on community structure of Forest Park shows that,The Rosaceae take up a maximum among the types of plants,reaching 22 species,also a large number of species like Caprifoliaceae(7),Oleaceae(6 species) and Salicaceae(4 species).Among the investigated communities the important values of tree species is Fraxinus chinensis＞Pinus tabulaeformis＞Salix babylonica＞Acer truncatum＞Koelreuteria paniculata,the important values of small trees and shrubs were Prunus ceraifera cv.Pissardii＞Syringa microphylla＞Prunus persica＞Malus micwmalus＞Caryopteris clandonensis 'Worcester Gold'.It can be seen from the survey that the application of a higher frequency of plant species are mostly native plants in Beijing or after a long-term cultivation even introduction of adapted plant species naturalized.Native trees have wider application in contrast that a small number of green trees and some species of high-frequency,reflect the composition of tree species in plant community gardens are more similar,less extensive changes in the composition and thus give rise to the type of green environment with green trees and plants relatively monotonous landscape phenomenon.The studies on ecological service value of Beijing Olympic Forest Park show that, Olympic Forest Park covers an area of about 580 hectares,with about 410 hectares green area.Its coverage of green land is more than 70%.In Olympic Forest Park,trees can absorb about 37,795 kilograms of ozone,12,686 kilograms of sulfur dioxide,19,584 kilograms of nitrogen dioxide,35,051.67 kilograms of particulate matter.They can also reduce 4191 kilograms of carbon monoxide and save the cost of treatment with about 1.81 million RMB.The carbon storage in the forest is about 38,021 tons per year,while carbon sequestration is about 864.5 tons per year.Older trees have a relatively high eco-efficiency. With the growth of trees in the park,the ecological benefits of the park will have a great change after decades of growth.The research on Ecological benefits of community shows that,In the different types of plant communities,we find that the average eco-efficiency of stratified plant communities and plant communities in forests are relatively high,compared with waterfront communities and grassland communities.So are the absorption of air pollutants,carbon storage and carbon uptake.It's consistent with the coverage of plant communities and the number of plant.It can be seen that the more number of plants per unit area,the more ecological benefits.According to the ecological research and community-benefit analysis, green ecological effects of carbon and oxygen balance of irrigation,grass stratified structure is 2.7 times of single-community structure.Plant communities of plants determine the eco-efficiency of specifications.Also there is a big difference between different kinds of plant in the uptake of air pollutants.The research on ecological effects of urban green space show that,different spatial structure of urban green space and its ecological effects of the differences are better described with the use of ecological field theory.Green space structure factor,such as green area,green type,vegetation height,stand volume and growth of green space in urban green land,have an impact to ecological factors on the green field characteristics.The effect of urban green space field will be reduced with the increase of distance.According to the data measured,it can be seen that in the forest park construction,the average concentration of CO₂ in park green space is becoming lower.It due to the improvement of urban green construction and the conditions of urban green land.It can be seen that the construction of urban forest park has a direct impact on the quality of the sound environment,while it less affects the environment out of city park area.