| Seasonal quantitative and qualitative analyses of heterotrophic bacterial flora associated with environmental factors of different ponds and intestine of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) are investigated. There are three kinds of ponds (feeding mode, unfeeding mode and ponds with different shelter) being studied in this research.In feeding ponds, results from this study showed that the total viable counts (TVC) of bacteria in water is high in summer and starts to decline in autumn until it reaches a secondary high point in September. The TVC in water varies from (0.3±0.1)×102-(0.1±0.07)×103cfu mLg-1 in srping, (1.1±0.1)×104- (8.1±1.3)×104cfu mL-1in suumer, (0.1±0.04)×104(2.0±0.3)×104cfu mL-1 in autunm, (0.4±0.1)×102-(2.2±0.4)×104cfu mL-1in winter; In sediment and shelter TVC shows a similar variation pattern which is high in summer and then starts to decline until it reachs a secondary high points in early winter. The TVC in sediment varies from (2.0±0.3)×105 (2.2±0.2)×105 cfu g-1 in srping, (1.0±0.3) - (7.1±2.5)×105cfu g-1 in suumer, (3.2±0.8)×105 - (4.3±0.1)×105 cfu g-1 in autunm, (2.9±1.3)×105 - (3.9±0.7)×105 cfu g-1 in winter; The TVC on shelter varies from (3.8±0.5) - (5.2±0.6)×105 cfu g-1 in srping, (3.8±0.5) - (1.7±0.3)×105 cfu g-1 in suumer, (2.3±0.5)×105 - (4.5±0.7)×105 cfu g-1 in autunm, (1.6±0.4)×105 - (5.1±0.8)×105 cfu g-1 in winter; TVC in intestine varies from (1.8±0.8)×104 (1.1±1.2)×107 cfu g-1 ((2.31±0.43)×105 cfu·g-1-(2.53±0.84)×104 cfu g-1 in spring, (1.8±0.8)×104- (5.0±0.63)×105 cfu g-1 in summer, (1.0±0.1)×106-(1.1±1.2)×107 cfu g-1 in autumn and (7.0±2.2)×105-(7.2±4.5)×106 cfu g-1 in winter, respectively).7 generas are identified from water and Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Vibrio are the most abundant species. 18 generas, 15 generas and 13 generas are identified from sediment, shelter and intestine respectively. And Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Vibrio are the most abundant species in them. Pseudomonas and Vibrio account a higher percentage in summer and autumn while ratio of Bacillus is higher in winter and autumn than it is in summer and spring.In unfeedinh ponds, results from this study showed that the TVC of bacteria in water is high in spring and summer and starts to decline in autumn. The TVC in water varies from (0.3±0.1)×104 -(0.5±0.1)×104cfu mL-1 in srping, (0.4±0.2)×104 -(0.8±0.0)×104cfu mL-1in suumer, (0.5±0.3)×104 (2.2±1.4)×104cfu mL-1 in autunm, (0.3±0.2)×104-(0.5±0.1)×104cfu mL-1 in winter; In sediment TVC shows a variation pattern similar to water. The TVC in sediment varies from (4.3±0.01)×104- (2.7±0.2)×105cfu g-1in srping, (2.7±0.7) - (4.0±1.0)×105cfu g-1 in suumer, (4.3±1.1)×105-(4.4±0.1)×105cfu g-1 in autunm, (7.1±1.3)×104 - (1.9±0.4)×105cfu g-1 in winter; On shelter, the TVC presents a different pattern which is high in autumn and winter. The TVC on shelter varies from (1.6±0.2)×104 - (1.7±0.3)×105 cfu g-1 in srping, (6.4±2.3)×104 - (3.3±1.2)×105cfu g-1'in suumer, (5.3±2.0)×105- (6.0±1.9)×105cfu g-1 in autunm, (1.2±0.4)×106 - (1.4±0.2)×107cfu g-1 in winter; TVC in intestine shows similar pattern to shelter, which varies from (5.2±3.5)×104 -(2.1±0.41)×105 cfu·g-1 in spring, (5.2±3.5)×104-(2.6±1.4)×105 cfu·g-1 in summer, (2.0±2.0)×107 -(2.9±1.4)×107cfu·g-1 in autumn and (9.2±2.1)×106(2.6±0.8)×107 cfu·g-1 in winter.7 generas are identified from water Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Vibrio are the most abundant species. 16 generas, 15 generas and 17 generas are identified from sediment, shelter and intestine respectively. In sediment the dominant species, while in shelter and intestine the most abundant species are Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas and Vibrio account a higher persentage in summer and autumn while ratio of Bacillus is highter in winter and autumn than it is in summer and spring.In the ponds with different kinds of shelter the bacteria flora on each kins of shelter and the intestine of Apostichopus japonicus is studied. The results shows that TVC in the ponds varies with TVC in the intake water and coastal water. But the TVC in ponds is significantly lower than intake water and coastal water. The TVC in ponds varies from (0.4±0.1)×104-(0.5±0.1)×104cfu mL-1 in srping, (0.2±0.01)×104 -(0.8±0.1)×104cfu mL-1in suumer, (0.9±0.1))×104 (1.8±0.2)×104cfu mL-1in autunm, (0.1±0.1)×104-(0.3±0.1)×104cfu mL-1in winter; In all enclosures, the TVC in sediment is also high in summer and autumn and maintain a low level in winter until the next spring. In the enclosures with tile shlter, plastic shelter and hollow brick shelter, the TVC in sediment is higher than the others enclosures. During the time after the shelter was shortly put in the enclosure, the TVC on all kinds of shelter is low. And in autumn the TVC on shelter reaches its highest level and then starts to decline in winter until the next spring. The TVC on shelter is significantly higher than the other shelters; The TVC in intestin from all enclosure exhibte a similar pattern which has two high points, on in autumn and another in spring. The TVC in intestine of sea cucumbers form the enclosures with hollow brick shelter and cement tube shelter is significantly higher than it is in other enclsures.In all the enclosures the bacteria flora from intestine is identical with the flora on shelters. Pseudomons, Vibrio, Bacillus are dominant species in shelter and intestine.
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