Influence Of Feeding The Cudrania Triloba, Cudrania Tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur. Leaves On Resistant Physiological Functions Of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori

Insects and plants are two important components of geobiocoenosis.Their relationship,which contain the most primitive ecological relationship that insects obtain foodstuffs from the plants,are allround.Foodchain relationship of phytophagy insect been thought high of by scholars have been multiple nutritive layer for the past several years.The research have refered to ecology,reproduction,Physiology and biochemistry, and so on.It is thought high of ecological relationship between insects and plants.The silkworm are oligophagous insect.Although they mainly eat mulberry leaves, they also eat Cudrania triloba leaves,leaves of elm tree,chinese serpentroot leaves,and so on.Cudrania tricuspidata belong to Moraceae.It is manly distributed in Eastern China, provinces of southern part of Hebei,and so on.There are records that people used Cudrania triloba leaves feeding silkworm in our country and Japan in ancient times. There are reports that people used Cudrania triloba leaves feeding silkworm in modern times.The experiments were mainly about growth development of silkworm as yet.The grasserie has occurred frequently for the past few years.Research on the nosogenesis of it refer many aspect,like.species of silkworm,Disinfectants,climate,forage,and.other environmental factor,and so forth.The Japanese scholar found that silkworm feeding with Cudrania triloba leaves infect with Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (BmNPV) readily in 20^th 30 age.For this reason,we began our research whose purpose were investigating the relationship between resistant physiology of silkworm and forage. We hope our research can provide theoretical evidences for Pathophysiology and preventing beforehand the grasserie.Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus forming polyhedron(BmNPV),which parasitise in cell Cell Nucleus of hemocyte and histiocyte,belong to Baculoviridae and Nucleus polyhedrosis virus genera.They cause grasserie.Virulence disease cause 70-80%loss of silkworm's death loss caused by disease.BmNPV is most frequent virus in sericulture.Some Japanese scholar think feeding silkworm with Cudrania triloba leaves caused grasserie,but Weihua Wang don't think there are some correlation between feeding Cudrania triloba leaves and grasserie.Detoxifying enzymes,like Glutathione transferase,CarE,and so forth.,are enzymes that can decompose poisonous compound that is exogenous.They can help insect decrease poisonous effect,or exempt bodies of insect from poisonous effect.They play a important role in decomposing secondary metabolite of plants for the phytophagy insects.Plant secondary metabolites,like phenols,terpenes,alkaloids,and so on,are the end products produced from branched metabolic pathway of plants.They can't directly maintain the biochemical action of reproduction and growth development of insects. They are not the nutrient substance.They take part in the chemical defence of plants. When they accumulate in the bodies of insect,the growth development of insects will be delayed,and the reproduction rate of insects will decrease.They even will lead insect to die.That is detoxifying enzymes that make insects grow on host plants.The activities of ALP and AchE correlate to level of vital movement.The CarE belong to metabolic enzyme neutralized poison.They are all the important metabolic enzymes of insects. XiaoFeng Wu and his collaborator research the influence of mulberry leaves and other forage of silkworm on activities of SOD,CAT and POD.The research on ALP,AchE and CarE had not been reported as yet.In this thesis,we discuss on influence of feeding the Cudrania triloba leaves on resistant physiological functions of silkworm in three subjects.Effects of Tricuspid Cudrania[Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.) Bur.]Leaves on the Growth and Development and Activity of three Metabolic Enzymes of Silkworm(Bombyx mori L.)Effects of two kinds of feeding leaves from tricuspid cudrania[Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.) Bur.]and mulberry leaves(Morus alba) on growth and metabolic enzyme of silkworms(Bombyx mori L.) were surveyed in the study.Silkworms were reared with mulberry leaves till the 4th newly exuviated larvae,after which tricuspid cudrania leaves were used,and silkworm growth,development,cocooning were investigated and the activity of three enzymes,alkaline phosphatase(AKP), acetylcholine esterase(AchE) and carboxylesterase(CarE) were measured daily till 10th day.Results showed reduced mean body weight,mean length,the rate of mounting and cocooning,and the weight of whole cocoon and cocoon shell of silkworm fed on tricuspid cudrania leaves compared to that of mulberry leaves.The mean value of enzymatic activities of AKP,Ache and CarE in the silkworms fed on Tricuspid cudrania leaves are 0.0708U/ml,14.1290U/ml and 632.5571U/ml(n=30),respectively,while the counterparts of mulberry leaves are 0.0764U/ml,15.1890U/ml,and 628.0551U/ml(n=30) respectively.Enzymatic activities of the AKP and AchE in silkworms fed with the tricuspid cudrania leaves are much lower than that of mulberry leaves,while the activity of Care was significantly higher(P<0.05).Those results indicate tricuspid cudrania leaves as an inferior food affect the physiological state of silkworms.1.Effects of Tricuspid Cudrania[Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.) Bur.]Leaves on the Growth Development and Activity of three Metabolic Enzymes of Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) infected with Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus(BmNPV)In the test,we studied effects of different plant forage on the resistence of silkworm (Bombyx mori.L.) to infection of BmNPV and changes of activities of metabolic enzymes related to virus resistance.We replaced mulberry leaves by Tricuspid cudrania at fourth age and inoculated BmNPV at fifth age.In addition,the activities of three enzymes in normal silkworm and ill-silkworm were measured.They were Carboxylesterase,Acetylcholine esterase and Alkaline phospbatase.The result indicated that the resistance of silkworm fed on Tricuspid cudrania to infection of BmNPV poorer than the silkworm fed on mulberry leaves.The activity of Acetylcholine esterase showed downward trend,but the activity of Carboxylesterase and Alkaline phosphatase displayed little difference in two forage conditions.Compared by normal silkworm,the ill-silkworm's activity of Carboxylesterase regulated by secondary metabolites greatly increased,and the activity of Acetylcholine esterase and Alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly,and many theoretical hypothesis have been raised.The silkworm belongs to oligophagous insect.They mainly eat mulberry leaf.The silkworm also eat the leaves of Tricuspid cudrania,leaf of elm tree,chinese serpentroot3.Comparison of components of mulberry leaf and Cudrania triloba leafAt the same time,we determined the component of the leaves of Tricuspid cudrania and mulberry leaves.The proportion essential nutrient of Cudrania triloba leaf is respectively that water is 65.51%,the carbohydrate is 1.83%,the lipoid is 2.20%,the protein is 20.70%,the ash content is 9.76%.The proportion essential nutrient of mulberry leaf is respectively that water is 63.18%,the carbohydrate is 3.67%,the lipoid is 1.12%,the protein is 20.67%,ash content is 11.36%.In a word,moisture content and protein level of the leaves of Tricuspid cudrania was the same as the mulberry leaves.In spite of having the higher lipoid content,the steroid content of the leaves of Tricuspid cudrania was lower than the mulberry leaves.In the addition,the carbohydrates content and ash content of the leaves of Tricuspid cudrania was lower than the mulberry leaves. In the respect of secondary metabolites,the chlorogenic acid of the leaves of Tricuspid cudrania was lower than mulberry leaves,the phenol content and para hydroxybenzoic acid content of the leaves of Tricuspid cudrania was higher than mulberry leaves.