Research On Postharvest System Technology Of Potted Ficus Microcarpa L.f. For Export

Potted Ficus microcarpa L.f. is vigorous,cold- and drought-resistant, evergreen the four seasons,dainty,with special moldings and efficacy of purifying atmosphere in the room, and is a good ornamental.The production of potted Ficus microcarpa L.f. has been developing quickly for recent years,and a great quantity of the product has been exported to Netherland,United States etc. Some import countries and regions put forward strict quarantine and inspection requests in the interest of the development of their flower industry and the profit of their flower growers,demanding imported plants free of soil and alive nematodes.They will require the whole container of plant to be fumigated or sent back or destroyed by burning if they find soil and alive nematode from root or medium,and the loss is great. Furthermore,some leaves will etiolate and fall off during and after transportation in shipping container without light and water supply for 20-40 days,which affects the worthy of watching and reduces commodity value.Therefore,seeking for nematocide to root eelworm,studying inspection and quarantine technology, controlling environmental conditions of storage and transportation, enhancing the ability of ficus in anti-adverse circumstance, extending storage and transportation life, reducing the defoliation rate, maintaining its quality, and increasing its goods value are problems which urgently awaits to be solved.This experiment took potted ficus as trial material, and studied different media, nematocides to root eelworm, storage and transportation conditions in export system to understand defoliation mechanism, effects of different factors on postharvest quality, extend storage and transportation life and find out effective methods in controlling defoliation and root eelworm. The findings are as follows:1. Combination 5(80% coconut chaff + 20% perlite), combination 6(70% coconut chaff + 30% perlite), combination 7(75% coconut chaff + 20% perlite + 5% turf), combination 8(70% coconut chaff + 20% perlite + 10% turf), combination 9(65% coconut chaff + 20% perlite + 15% turf), combination 10(80% coconut chaff + 20% perlite + 5 gram keep_aqua), combination 11(80% coconut chaff + 20% perlite + 10 gram keep_aqua) are better medium compound combinations,all of them have fit unit weight, hole size, water-holding capacity, pH value, EC value, organic, fully-effective NPK, quick-effective NPK and slowly-effective K to plant growth. 2. Effects of temperature,medium,fertilizer and plant growth regulator for preventing defoliation on potted ficus quality were studied,the best postharvest system technology for exported potted ficus is that medium compound combination is 80% coconut chaff + 20% perlite + 10 gram water-holding agent (medium: water-holding agent is 100:1),the root system of ficus is irrigated with liquid GROW MORE K diluted at 100 times, the foliage is sprayed with 800ug/L 0.004% brassinolides, and the potted ficus is stored and transported at 10℃. The best postharvest system technology could reduce membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content of leaves,postpone the degradation course of penetrative adjustive substance in leaf and the descent of chlorophyll content and poly-phenols aegis enzyme activity of leaves,improve anti-stress capability during storage and transportation,delay ficus decrepitude,and reduce the defoliation rate (<16% defoliation rate after 36 days'storage and transportation at 10℃). Moreover, lowering the temperature gradually, 2℃each day, to storage and transportation's temperature before storage and transportation at 10℃could reduce defoliation ratio after 36 days'storage and transportation.3,The mutuality modulus between the defoliation rate and cytoplasm membrane permeability, POD and CAT activity, and contents of chlorophyll, MDA, soluble sugar and protein in leaves are all upward of 0.7. These characters could be taken as reference indexes for ficus to resist the stress of dark environment,but the relations between these character indexes and the ability of resisting low temperature, dark environment and defoliation of ficus should be studied further.4,Both abamectin and chlorpyrifos are effective to control root eelworm disease and medium nematode. The controlling rate of abamectin (100 mg/kg) to medium nematode is up to 99.7% 15 days after treatment,and the rate to root eelworm disease is still up to 95.7% 45days after treatment;the controlling rate of carbofuran and ethoprophos to nematode is under 50%,to root eelworm disease is under 70%. Abamectin (100 mg/kg) is safe to ficus.