Study Of Community Structures Of Shanghai Outer Lines Greens In Minhang State

Soil animals' environment is an important part of eco-system. In the soil environment ecosystem, the energy systems migration and transformation processof physical energy has a special function and role. Urban green space is a special ecosystem, which beautifies the urban landscape and plays an important role in green space of urban ecosystems. Most land-use types of urban greens space have to be changed from their original land-use types to urban greens, most of which were external soil, and artificial vegetations. The soils and environment have been changed a lot. And the community structures of soil animals which lived in the soils environment have been to change a lot too. So to study the community structures of soil animals in urban greens have very important signification.This article studied the greens in Shanghai Outer Ring Minhang State. From autumn 2007 to spring 2008, withing two soils of different backgrounds, three different types of greens vegetations, we investigated the soil animals' communities of greens, the soil temperature, soil moisture, soil nutrients and its environment with heavy metals factor, which made a comprehensive analysis and the soil environment. In order to study the relationship between the environmental factors and the associated biological communities, we did the former wok in the region to understand the health status of the soil environment. The main conclusions of the study are as follows:1. Soil animals' communities of urban greens space were that, Nematoda and Acarinas were dominant taxa in litters, while Oligochaeta plesiopora, Collembola and Turbellaria were the Common groups. Oligochaeta plesiopora, Oligochaeta opisthopora, Isopoda were dominant species in soil macrofauna. Chilopoda, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera adults, larvae of Coleoptera were the common groups in the small and medium-sized soil animals; Nematoda, Oligochaeta plesiopora, Oligochaeta opisthopora, Turbellaria, Dipter were the common groups of small and medium-sized soil animals. The density and diversity of Shanghai outer Ring greens soil fauna were lower than the greens of the industrial city the in the same city, the urban greesn with the same latitude.2. The soil animals communities structures from the greens soils which backgrounds were different were not the same. The soil fauna density and diversity of the Farm land demestic soil greenbelts was higher than the External soil greenbelt one's. The densities of Acarina, Coleoptera and Oligochaeta plesiopora in the litters of the Farm land greenbelt demestic soil greenbelt were highter than the External soil greenbelt one, Oligochaeta plesiopora of the soil macrofauna from Farm land greenbelt demestic soil greenbelt was significantly higher than the External soil greenbelt one's. Oligochaeta plesiopora of farmland could be used as an indicator species of the the Farm land greenbelt. The density of nematode in the small and medium-sized soil animals was higher than the External soil greenbelt. So, we knew that: soil organic matter content and soil moisture in The Farm land greenbelt were more well than the External soil greenbelt,3. The soil animals' communities structures in different vegetations greens were different. Soil fauna density and diversity in litters of green broad-leaved greens was the highest, followed by deciduous coniferous green, green broad-leaved evergreen green was the lowest. Most soil animals such as some insects, Diptera, Homoptera, Psocoptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera was more appropriate living in deciduous broad-leaved litter, Collembola and Hymenoptera were more suitable for living in the green broad-leaved litter. The soil macrofauna groups for the broad-leaved evergreen green was the highest, deciduous coniferous green was the lowest one, while the soil macrofauna density for the deciduous coniferous green was the highest, and the green broad-leaved evergreen was the lowest one. Small and medium-sized soil fauna groups from the green broad-leaved deciduous was the highest, green broad-leaved evergreen was the lowest one, while the small and medium-sized soil fauna density from the broad-leaved deciduous green was the highest one, deciduous coniferous green was the lowest one. Psocoptera and Hymenoptera were instructions of green broad-leaved deciduous taxa.4. Environmental conditions of soil nutrient impacted on the community structure of soil fauna. Nutrient content of the litters in the context of two different green spaces in the soils backgrounds were not very different, and seasons change were almost in the same shape. Organic carbon content in litters were the highest in summer, total nitrogen content in winter and spring were higher ones. Litters' pH were weak acid, and highest in summer. Soil nutrients of greens of different backgrounds in litters were that: pH, organic carbon and total phosphorus content of the Farm land greenbelt were higher than the External soil greenbelt. There may be due to some man-made animals nitrogen fertilizer adding to the the External soil greenbelt soil, so the nitrogen in litters were higher than the Farm land greenbelt. In Different types of green vegetations, litters of pH values, the highest one was the green evergreen broad-leaved, green deciduous coniferous was the lowest one. Organic carbon and total nitrogen content of the green broad-leaved deciduous were the higher ones, Green broad-leaved evergreen the lowest one. Total phosphorus content in the three vegetations types were basically the same. Soil organic matter and total phosphorus content of External soil greenbelt were higher than the soil of farmland green green earth, the soil's pH values was alkaline, soil total nitrogen content was higher than green green farmland soil, that may be due to man-made nitrogen animals fertilizer add to the the External soil greenbelt soil, nitrogen in litters were higher than the Farm land greenbelt. Overall, soil physical and chemical properties of soil nutrients of he Farm land greenbelt were more well than the External soil greenbelt. Soil nutrient content in different types of greens and from different vegetations were different. Deciduous coniferous green has the lowest pH value, evergreen broad-leaved green was the top one. Nutrient content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of green broad-leaved deciduous were the highest one, green broad-leaved evergreen was the lowest one. Total phosphorus content in the three vegetation types were basically in the same rule in greens. So, soil nutrient of green broad-leaved deciduous was the best soil, the best soil environment.5. The heavy metal content impacted on the soil animal community structure. Heavy metals Cu and Pb content of litters were lower in summer and winter, higher in autumn and spring. Cd content in spring and summer were higher than other months, but lower than in autumn and winter. Zn content of difference litters from the whole year, which may be related to vegetation growth conditions. Cd content of soil heavy metals was highest in summer, changing in the rest of the third quarter, which was not significant. Cu, Zn and Pb content in four seasons with no significant change. In the greens from different soil backgrounds, the heavy metals content of litters were difference. Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb content in litters have shown that the Farm land greenbelt were less than the External soil greenbelt. Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb content in litter showed a negative correlation with the soil animals in litters. Cd in litters was significantly negatively correlated with soil fauna. Heavy metals content from different types of green vegetations were difference. Cd content of the green broad-leaved deciduous was the highest, green broad-leaved evergreen was the lowest. In contrast of the Cu content has been to. Zn content in the evergreen broad-leaved green and deciduous broad-leaved g green were higher, lower deciduous coniferous green. We knew that, levels of broad-leaved green was higher, Coniferous green was lower. So, different of background value of soil, different vegetations types, may be affected vegetation (litter) the level of heavy metal content of one of the factors.