| Growth habit (spring vs. winter) of wheat is determined by Vrn genes, which affect the environmental adaptability of wheat. It plays an important role in wheat improvement to develop, validate and use efficient and reliable markers of Vrn genes in breeding program. Based on the STS marker's validity is same as the CAPS marker's, the STS marker is used to detect the Vrn genes in 431 landraces and 129 cultivars. The results indicated that: only 132 were identified with Vrn gene. 428 hadn't any one of four genes, accounting for 76.4%. So the winter cultivars with recessive genes(vrn) in the 4 vernalization locuses were dominant in Shandong Province.The gene of Ppd-D1 converts wheat from a long day to a photoperiod insensitive (day neutral) plant, providing adaptation to a broad range of environments. The marker is used to detect the Ppd gene in 431 landraces. 398 were identified with Ppd gene, accounting for 92.3%. But in 129 cultivars, only 7 were identified with Ppd gene, accounting for 5.4%. there was significant correlation. The possible reasons of the correlation are that the cultivars with Ppd gene had worse adaptability and less dry matter weight than the cultivars without. So the Ppd gene is phaseouted by artificial selection of breeding. But Ppd gene also can shorten the growth period and improve the harvest index. So the application of the Ppd gene need to further study.The Lr34/Yr18 gene is a important slow-rusting gene. This site related to several resistance genes. The cultavars with the gene is planting in a lot of countries all over the world. In this study, the STS marker of cslv34 is used to detect the Lr34/Yr18 gene. The results indicated that: only 7 were identified with Lr34/Yr18 gene in 98 cultavars, accounting for 7.1%; 398 were identified with Lr34/Yr18 gene in 431 landraces, accounting for 92.34%. Hence, in the wheat breeding of shandong province, the selection strength of slow rusting is low. So the development of this is worth further study.
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