Study On Soil Erosion In Hulunbeir Based On GIS And Remote Sensing

Soil erosion is the most common form for destruction of land resouces, it is the most active and most sensitive one of the ecological hazard. It is important of study on soil erosion because of the special geographical location. Hulunbeier grassland has become an important water conservation area of the three provinces Northeast in China, supply to the water and ecological stability for the 180 million population. As a result of natural factors and man-made interference, most of the grassland of ecological environment has been destroyed. Soil erosion is threat to the ecological security and socio-economic in Hulunbeier and the north-east and North in China.Therefore, stady on change of the soil ersion is important to explore more effective soil and water conservation strategy and decision-making. Based on RS and GIS technologies and use of three periods TM image data in 1995,2000 and 2005 years, precipitation, topography and soil data, Using GIS and RUSLE model analysis of spatial distribution and dynamic changes of soil erosion in hulunbeir. The use of Markov models to predict changes of soil erosion in the next decade, Statistics and analysis of the relevance of the potential impact of soil erosion factors.The main conclusions as follows:(1) Soil erosion mainly occurred the forest ecotone in west of Daxinganling and the rural areas in south of Daxinganling. The soil erosion through from enhanced to weaken. Soil erosion intensity was increasing from 1995 to 2000 years. increased of 580.02 km2; Soil erosion intensity was decreasing from 2000 to 2005 years. Above slight degree erosion reduced to 18043.4 km~2, is the total area of only 7.18%. The use of Markov models to predict the soil erosion area in 2010 and 2015 year, Above slight degree erosion respectively is 13551.71 km~2 and 11166.7 km~2.(2) Soil erosion is mainly distributed forest-grassland ecotone in the western and agricultural areas in the southen of Water erosion of regional in hulunbeir. The dynamic changes of soil erosion was from increaced to reduced, tiny degree erosion and light degree erosion is the largest, is the total area of about 99%. Above of moderate degree erosion area accounting for more than 1%. Arable land and forest land has increased in 1995~2000 years, above of light degree erosion has reduced in 2000~2005 years.(3) Wind erosion is mainly distributed the side of Kelulun River and Wuerxun River and the surrounding of Dalai Lake. The most serious regional of the wind erosion is the sand with three in hulunbeier prairie. The area of wind erosion significantly reduced in 1995~2000 years, but increased in 2000~2005 years. Construction land and unused land is the highest level of erosion and the largest of erosion intensity region's, followed by grassland and arable land.